Erugina M V, Tukhtarov B E, Sazanova G Yu, Nizomov B U, Dolgova E M, Ponomarev A D, Dubgorin A A, Mirieva I D, Puzakov K K
The Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "The V. I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University" of Minzdrav of Russia, 410012, Saratov, Russia.
The Samarkand State Medical University, 140100, Samarkand, the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2023 Mar;31(2):206-209. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-2-206-209.
The epidemiological monitoring of morbidity, mortality and disability is one of the important mechanisms of studying population health. The purpose of the study is to carry out comparative analysis of health status of population of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The demographic indicators as well as indicators of morbidity, mortality and disability of adult population of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2010-2020 were analyzed. The statistical, analytical and mathematical methods were applied. The statistical significance of differences in relative values was calculated using the Student's coefficient and was considered as significant at p<0.05 and t>2.
During the study period, an increase in population size of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan was established. The population age structure was of regressive type in the Russian Federation and of progressive type in Uzbekistan. In the Russian Federation, significant decrease of natality up to 12.8% and statistically significant increase of mortality up to 34% occurred. The natural population loss in the Russian Federation raised three-fold. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, there was statistically significant increase both of natality and mortality indicators up to 11% and of positive values of natural population growth by 14% (p<0.03). In the Russian Federation, there is statistically significant (p<0.006) decrease of indicator of primary disability from 7.7 cases per 1000 of population in 2010 to 5.6 cases in 2020. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, significant increase (p<0.009) of indicators of primary disability from 0.1 cases per 1000 of population to 2.2 cases per 1000 of population was established.
The different types of population in the Russian Federation (regressive) and in the Republic of Uzbekistan (progressive) predetermine differences in demographic indicators of both countries. The high level of mortality and increasing of morbidity of circulatory system and neoplasms in both countries justify need in improving measures of primary and secondary prevention at the state level.
发病率、死亡率和残疾率的流行病学监测是研究人群健康的重要机制之一。本研究的目的是对俄罗斯联邦和乌兹别克斯坦共和国人群的健康状况进行比较分析。
分析了2010 - 2020年俄罗斯联邦和乌兹别克斯坦共和国成年人口的人口统计学指标以及发病率、死亡率和残疾率指标。应用了统计、分析和数学方法。使用学生系数计算相对值差异的统计显著性，p<0.05且t>2时被认为具有显著性。
在研究期间，确定俄罗斯联邦和乌兹别克斯坦共和国的人口规模有所增加。俄罗斯联邦的人口年龄结构为衰退型，乌兹别克斯坦为增长型。在俄罗斯联邦，出生率显著下降至12.8%，死亡率在统计学上显著上升至34%。俄罗斯联邦的自然人口损失增加了两倍。在乌兹别克斯坦，出生率和死亡率指标在统计学上均显著上升至11%，自然人口增长率的正值上升了14%（p<0.03）。在俄罗斯联邦，一级残疾指标从2010年每1000人口7.7例显著下降（p<0.006）至2020年的5.6例。在乌兹别克斯坦，一级残疾指标从每1000人口0.1例显著增加（p<0.009）至每1000人口2.2例。
俄罗斯联邦（衰退型）和乌兹别克斯坦共和国（增长型）不同类型的人口决定了两国人口统计学指标的差异。两国较高的死亡率以及循环系统和肿瘤发病率的上升证明有必要在国家层面改进一级和二级预防措施。
