Child Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Undergraduate Student Research Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Sleep Med. 2023 Jul;107:89-99. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.04.007. Epub 2023 Apr 14.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH). Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common consequence of OSA and is associated with cognitive deficits and anxiety. Modafinil (MOD) and Solriamfetol (SOL) are potent wake-promoting agents clinically used to improve wakefulness in OSA patients with EDS.
Male C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to either IH or room air (RA) controls during the light phase for 16 weeks. Both groups were then randomly assigned to receive once-daily intraperitoneal injections of SOL (200 mg/kg), MOD (200 mg/kg) or vehicle (VEH) for 9 days while continuing IH exposures. Sleep/wake activity was assessed during the dark (active) phase. Novel object recognition (NOR), elevated-plus maze test (EPMT), and forced swim test (FST) were performed before and after drug treatment.
IH exposure increased dark phase sleep percentage and reduced wake bouts lengths and induced cognitive deficits and anxiogenic effects. Both SOL and MOD treatments decreased sleep propensity under IH conditions, but only SOL promoted improvements in NOR performance (explicit memory) and reduced anxiety-like behaviors.
Chronic IH, a hallmark feature of OSA, induces EDS in young adult mice that is ameliorated by both SOL and MOD. SOL, but not MOD, significantly improves IH-induced cognitive deficits and promotes anxiolytic effects. Thus, SOL could potentially benefit OSA patients beyond EDS management.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是一种以间歇性低氧(IH)为特征的慢性疾病。日间嗜睡(EDS)是 OSA 的常见后果,与认知缺陷和焦虑有关。莫达非尼(MOD)和索利夫定(SOL)是临床上用于改善 OSA 患者 EDS 时觉醒的有效促醒剂。
雄性 C57Bl/6J 小鼠在光照期内接受 IH 或室内空气(RA)对照 16 周。两组随后随机分为每天一次腹腔注射 SOL(200mg/kg)、MOD(200mg/kg)或 VEH,持续 9 天,同时继续接受 IH 暴露。在暗(活动)期评估睡眠/觉醒活动。在药物治疗前后进行新物体识别(NOR)、高架十字迷宫测试(EPMT)和强迫游泳测试(FST)。
IH 暴露增加了暗期睡眠时间百分比,减少了觉醒次数长度,并导致认知缺陷和焦虑样行为。SOL 和 MOD 治疗均降低了 IH 条件下的睡眠倾向,但只有 SOL 可改善 NOR 表现(显性记忆)并减少焦虑样行为。
OSA 的标志性特征——慢性 IH,可导致年轻成年小鼠发生 EDS,SOL 和 MOD 均可改善 EDS。与 MOD 相比,仅 SOL 可显著改善 IH 引起的认知缺陷并促进抗焦虑作用。因此,SOL 可能会为 OSA 患者提供除 EDS 管理之外的益处。