Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Limerick (UL).
Health Research Institute (UL).
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2023 Jul 1;26(4):341-346. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000935. Epub 2023 May 2.
Glycemia goals are used as indicators of control and progression in prediabetes and diabetes. Adopting healthy eating habits is essential. It is worth considering the quality of carbohydrates to help with dietary glycemic control. The present article aims to review recent meta-analyses published in the years 2021-2022 on the effects of dietary fiber and low glycemic index/load (LGI/LGL) foods on glycemic control and how gut microbiome modulation contributes to glycemic control.
Data involving more than 320 studies were reviewed. The evidence allows us to infer that LGI/LGL foods, including dietary fiber intake, are associated with reduced fasting glycemia and insulinemia, postprandial glycemic response, HOMA-IR, and glycated hemoglobin, which are more evident in soluble dietary fiber. These results can be correlated with changes in the gut microbiome. However, the mechanistic roles of microbes or metabolites implicated in these observations continue to be explored. Some controversial data highlight the need for more homogeneity between studies.
The properties of dietary fiber are reasonably well established for their glycemic homeostasis effects, including the fermentation aspects. Findings of gut microbiome correlations with glucose homeostasis can be incorporated into clinical nutrition practice. Target dietary fiber interventions on microbiome modulation can offer options to improve glucose control and contribute to personalized nutritional practices.
血糖目标被用作糖尿病前期和糖尿病控制和进展的指标。采用健康的饮食习惯至关重要。值得考虑碳水化合物的质量以帮助饮食血糖控制。本文旨在综述 2021-2022 年发表的关于膳食纤维和低血糖指数/负荷（LGI/LGL）食物对血糖控制的影响以及肠道微生物组调节如何有助于血糖控制的最新荟萃分析。
涉及超过 320 项研究的数据进行了综述。证据使我们能够推断，LGI/LGL 食物，包括膳食纤维摄入，与空腹血糖和胰岛素血症、餐后血糖反应、HOMA-IR 和糖化血红蛋白降低有关，可溶性膳食纤维中更为明显。这些结果可以与肠道微生物组的变化相关。然而，涉及这些观察结果的微生物或代谢物的机制作用仍在探索中。一些有争议的数据强调了需要在研究之间实现更大的同质性。
膳食纤维的性质及其对血糖稳态的影响，包括发酵方面，已经得到了很好的证实。与葡萄糖稳态相关的肠道微生物组相关性的发现可以纳入临床营养实践。针对膳食纤维干预肠道微生物组调节可以提供改善血糖控制的选择，并有助于个性化营养实践。
