Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad, 38850, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jun;30(27):70121-70130. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27209-5. Epub 2023 May 5.
Nitrogenous fertilizers have low efficiency in alkaline calcareous soils due to volatilization and denitrification. These losses cause economic environmental constraints. Coating of urea with nanoparticles (NPs) is an innovative strategy to improve crop yields by sustaining N availability. In the current study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by precipitation method and characterized for morphology and configuration, bond formation, and crystal assemblage using the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM results confirmed the size of ZnO NPs in the size range of 25 nm with cuboid shape. Urea fertilizer, coated with ZnO NPs, was applied to wheat crop in a pot trial. Two rates of ZnO NPs at 2.8 and 5.7 mg kg were selected to coat the commercial urea. A batch experiment was conducted to ensure the ammonium (NH) and nitrate (NO) ions release by amending the soil with ZnO NPs coated urea and comparing with non-amended soil. The gradual release of NH was observed for 21 days from the ZnO NP-coated urea. In the second part of trial, seven different treatments of coated and uncoated urea were tested on wheat crop. Urea coated with ZnO nanoparticles at 5.7 mg kg improved all growth attributes and yields. The ZnO NP coated urea increased the N content shoot (1.90 g 100g DW) and potentially biofortified Zn content (47.86 mg kg) in wheat grain. The results are indicative of viability of a novel coating for commercial urea that will not only reduce N losses but also supplement Zn without additional cost of labor.
由于挥发和反硝化作用，碱性石灰质土壤中氮肥的效率较低。这些损失造成了经济和环境的限制。用纳米颗粒（NPs）对尿素进行涂层是一种通过维持氮的有效性来提高作物产量的创新策略。在本研究中，采用沉淀法合成了氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs），并通过 X 射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其形貌和结构、键形成和晶体组装进行了表征。SEM 结果证实 ZnO NPs 的尺寸在 25nm 范围内，呈长方体形状。将涂有 ZnO NPs 的尿素施用于盆栽小麦试验中。选择了 2.8 和 5.7mgkg 的两个 ZnO NPs 剂量来涂覆商业尿素。进行了批处理实验，通过向土壤中添加涂有 ZnO NPs 的尿素来确保铵（NH）和硝酸盐（NO）离子的释放，并与未添加土壤进行比较。从涂有 ZnO NPs 的尿素中观察到 NH 在 21 天内逐渐释放。在试验的第二部分，对小麦作物进行了七种不同的涂覆和未涂覆尿素处理。涂有 5.7mgkg ZnO 纳米颗粒的尿素提高了所有生长特性和产量。涂有 ZnO 纳米颗粒的尿素增加了小麦籽粒中氮含量（1.90g100gDW）和潜在的生物强化锌含量（47.86mgkg）。结果表明，商业尿素的新型涂层具有可行性，不仅可以减少氮的损失，而且还可以在不增加劳动力成本的情况下补充锌。
