Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Department of Undergraduate Medical Education, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
University of Texas San Antonio Joe and Teresa Long School of Medicine, Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
J Ultrasound Med. 2023 Oct;42(10):2307-2313. doi: 10.1002/jum.16253. Epub 2023 May 5.
Ultrasound-guided injections are used to treat common shoulder pathologies and have been shown to be more accurate and effective than traditional landmark-guided procedures. Currently, there exists no inexpensive shoulder model that accurately simulates the anatomical structures of the shoulder while also facilitating glenohumeral joint (GHJ) injection. Our model is an alternative to the traditional bedside training and provides a low-risk training environment.
We created this model from easily accessible materials. Polyvinyl chloride pipe was used to create the skeletal infrastructure pectoral girdle. A detergent pod was used to represent the GHJ space. Steaks were used to simulate the infraspinatus and deltoid muscles, with meat glue as a fascial layer between the two simulated muscles. Total cost of materials for the model was $19.71.
Our model successfully replicates known anatomical features of the GHJ. Additionally, the model facilitates injection into a GHJ space, representing a GHJ injection. Our model was replicated to train medical student practitioners during five different educational sessions. The model was validated through comparison to standardized educational ultrasound training videos. It was further validated by ultrasound experts.
The shoulder model we created is effective in simulating GHJ injections under ultrasound guidance. It simulates realistic muscle and bony landmarks both for ultrasound imaging and injection feel. Importantly, it is inexpensive and easy to replicate allowing more access to medical practitioners and students to be educated on the procedure.
超声引导下注射用于治疗常见的肩部疾病，已被证明比传统的基于体表标志的方法更准确、更有效。目前，还没有一种廉价的肩部模型能够准确模拟肩部的解剖结构，同时也便于进行盂肱关节（GHJ）注射。我们的模型是传统床边培训的替代方案，提供了一个低风险的培训环境。
我们使用易于获得的材料创建了这个模型。聚氯乙烯管用于创建骨骼基础设施胸带。使用清洁剂 pod 来模拟 GHJ 空间。牛排用于模拟冈下肌和三角肌，肉胶作为模拟肌肉之间的筋膜层。模型的材料总成本为 19.71 美元。
我们的模型成功复制了 GHJ 的已知解剖特征。此外，该模型还便于在 GHJ 空间进行注射，代表 GHJ 注射。我们的模型已被复制用于在五个不同的教育课程中培训医学生实践者。该模型通过与标准化的教育超声培训视频进行比较得到验证。它还得到了超声专家的进一步验证。
我们创建的肩部模型在超声引导下模拟 GHJ 注射是有效的。它模拟了真实的肌肉和骨性标志，无论是用于超声成像还是注射感觉。重要的是，它价格低廉，易于复制，使更多的医疗从业者和学生能够接受该程序的教育。
