RoboCorp Laboratory, i2A, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Sports and CIAFEL, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal.
RoboCorp Laboratory, i2A, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal; School of Health Sciences, Sector of Physiotherapy, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal.
Hum Mov Sci. 2023 Jun;89:103097. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103097. Epub 2023 May 3.
Previous studies reported changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters during dual-task performance while walking using a smartphone compared to walking without a smartphone. However, studies that assess muscle activity while walking and simultaneously performing smartphone tasks are scarce. So, this study aimed to assess the effects of motor and cognitive tasks using a smartphone while simultaneously performing gait on muscle activity and gait spatiotemporal parameters in healthy young adults. Thirty young adults (22.83 ± 3.92 years) performed five tasks: walking without a smartphone (single-task, ST); typing on a smartphone keyboard in a sitting position (secondary motor single-task); performing a cognitive task on a smartphone in a sitting position (cognitive single-task); walking while typing on a smartphone keyboard (motor dual-task, mot-DT) and walking while performing a cognitive task on a smartphone (cognitive dual-task, cog-DT). Gait speed, stride length, stride width and cycle time were collected using an optical motion capture system coupled with two force plates. Muscle activity was recorded using surface electromyographic signals from bilateral biceps femoris, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, gluteus maximus and lumbar erector spinae. Results showed a decrease in stride length and gait speed from the single-task to cog-DT and mot-DT (p < 0.05). On the other hand, muscle activity increased in most muscles analyzed from single- to dual-task conditions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, performing a cognitive or motor task using a smartphone while walking promote a decline in spatiotemporal gait parameters performance and change muscle activity pattern compared to normal walking.
先前的研究报告称，与无智能手机行走相比，在使用智能手机进行双重任务行走时，时空步态参数会发生变化。然而，评估行走时同时进行智能手机任务的肌肉活动的研究却很少。因此，本研究旨在评估在健康的年轻成年人中，使用智能手机进行运动和认知任务对步态肌肉活动和时空参数的影响。30 名年轻人（22.83±3.92 岁）完成了五项任务：无智能手机行走（单任务，ST）；坐在智能手机键盘上打字（辅助运动单任务）；坐在智能手机上执行认知任务（认知单任务）；边打字边在智能手机上行走（运动双重任务，mot-DT）和边在智能手机上执行认知任务边行走（认知双重任务，cog-DT）。使用与两个力板耦合的光学运动捕捉系统收集步行速度、步长、步宽和周期时间。使用双侧股二头肌、股直肌、胫骨前肌、腓肠肌内侧、腓肠肌外侧、臀大肌和竖脊肌的表面肌电图信号记录肌肉活动。结果表明，与单任务相比，cog-DT 和 mot-DT 时步长和步行速度降低（p<0.05）。另一方面，与单任务相比，大多数肌肉的肌肉活动在双任务条件下增加（p<0.05）。总之，与正常行走相比，使用智能手机进行认知或运动任务会降低时空步态参数的表现，并改变肌肉活动模式。
