2020 年，埃塞俄比亚古尔加地区成年人对 COVID-19 的预防行为及其相关因素的坚持情况：一项基于社区的横断面研究。
Adherence to preventive behaviours and associated factors towards COVID-19 among adults in Gurage zone, Ethiopia, 2020: a community-based cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Public Health, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia
Department of Public Health, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2023 May 5;13(5):e068090. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068090.
OBJECTIVES
People's adherence to preventive practices for COVID-19 is fundamental to controlling the transmission of the virus. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing adherence to preventive practices for COVID-19 and associated factors among the general population in Gurage zone, Ethiopia.
METHODS
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess preventive practices and associated factors for COVID-19 among adults in the Gurage zone. The study is based on health belief model constructs. The study involved 398 participants. A multistage sampling technique was employed to recruit study participants. An interviewer-administered, close-ended, structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify independent predictors of the outcome variable.
RESULTS
The overall adherence to all recommended preventive behaviours of COVID-19 was 17.7%. The majority of respondents (73.1%) practice at least one of the recommended preventive behaviours for COVID-19. Among adults' COVID-19 preventive behaviours score, wearing a face mask was the highest (82.3%) and social distancing was the lowest (35.4%). Residence adjusted OR (AOR)) 3.42 (95% CI 1.6 to 7.31), marital status AOR 0.33 (95% CI (0.15 to 0.71)), knowledge of the absence/presence of the COVID-19 vaccine AOR 0.45 (95% CI (0.21 to 0.95)) and self-rated level of knowledge as poor AOR 0.052 (95% CI 0.036 to 0.18) and self-rated level of knowledge as not bad AOR 0.14 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.82) were significantly associated with social distancing practice. Factors affecting other COVID-19 preventive behaviours are described in the 'Results' section.
CONCLUSION
Prevalence of good adherence to recommended preventive behaviours for COVID-19 was very low. Residence, marital status, knowledge of vaccine presence, knowledge of curative drug presence, knowledge of the incubation period, the self-rated level of knowledge and perceived risk to be infected with COVID-19 are significantly associated factors with adherence to preventive behaviours.
目的
人们对 COVID-19 预防措施的依从性是控制病毒传播的关键。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚古拉格地区普通人群对 COVID-19 预防措施的依从性及其相关因素。
方法
本研究采用基于健康信念模型结构的社区为基础的横断面研究，评估了古拉格地区成年人对 COVID-19 的预防措施及相关因素。本研究共涉及 398 名参与者，采用多阶段抽样技术招募研究对象。使用访谈者管理的、封闭式、结构化问卷收集数据。采用二项和多变量逻辑回归来确定因变量的独立预测因素。
结果
总体而言，所有推荐的 COVID-19 预防行为的依从率为 17.7%。大多数受访者（73.1%）至少实施了一种推荐的 COVID-19 预防行为。在成年人 COVID-19 预防行为评分中，戴口罩的比例最高（82.3%），而保持社交距离的比例最低（35.4%）。居住地点调整后的优势比（OR）为 3.42（95%置信区间为 1.6 至 7.31），婚姻状况 OR 为 0.33（95%置信区间为 0.15 至 0.71），对 COVID-19 疫苗的有无的认知 OR 为 0.45（95%置信区间为 0.21 至 0.95），自我评估的知识水平为差的 OR 为 0.052（95%置信区间为 0.036 至 0.18），自我评估的知识水平为不差的 OR 为 0.14（95%置信区间为 0.09 至 0.82），与保持社交距离的行为显著相关。其他 COVID-19 预防行为的影响因素在“结果”部分中进行了描述。
结论
对 COVID-19 推荐预防行为的良好依从性的流行率非常低。居住地点、婚姻状况、对疫苗存在的认知、对治疗药物存在的认知、对潜伏期的认知、自我评估的知识水平和对感染 COVID-19 的感知风险是与预防行为依从性显著相关的因素。
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