Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Aug;270:109645. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109645. Epub 2023 May 5.
Plastics, long-chain artificial polymers, are used worldwide with a global production of 350 million tonnes per year. Various degradation processes transform plastics into smaller fragments divided into micro, meso and macroplastics. In various industries, such as construction, certain plastic additives are used to improve flexibility and enhance performance. Plastic additives include phthalates (PAE), dibutyl phthalate (DPB) and diethyl phthalate (DEP). Due to the use of plastics and plastic additives, these small fragments of different shapes and colours are present in all environmental compartments. For their characteristics, PAEs can be introduced particularly by ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption. They can accumulate in the human body, where they have already been identified in blood, amniotic fluid and urine. The purpose of this review is to gather the effects that these plastic additives have on various systems in the human body. Being endocrine disruptors, the effects they have on erythrocytes and how they can be considered targets for xenobiotics have been analysed. The influence on the reproductive system was also examined. Phthalates are therefore often overused. Due to their properties, they can reach human tissues and have a negative impact on health. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the presence of phthalates and their hazards. Therefore, the use of these plastic additives should be reduced, replaced and their disposal improved.
塑料是一种长链人工聚合物，在全球范围内广泛使用，每年的全球产量为 3.5 亿吨。各种降解过程会将塑料转化为更小的碎片，分为微塑料、中塑料和大塑料。在建筑等各个行业中，会使用某些塑料添加剂来提高柔韧性并增强性能。塑料添加剂包括邻苯二甲酸酯（PAE）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）。由于塑料和塑料添加剂的使用，所有环境介质中都存在不同形状和颜色的这些小碎片。由于邻苯二甲酸酯的特性，它们可以通过摄入、吸入和皮肤吸收等方式被人体吸收。它们可以在人体内积累，已经在血液、羊水和尿液中被检测到。本综述的目的是收集这些塑料添加剂对人体各系统的影响。由于它们是内分泌干扰物，因此分析了它们对红细胞的影响以及它们如何被视为外源性物质的靶标。还研究了它们对生殖系统的影响。因此，邻苯二甲酸酯经常被过度使用。由于其特性，它们可以到达人体组织并对健康产生负面影响。本综述的目的是概述邻苯二甲酸酯的存在及其危害。因此，应减少、替代这些塑料添加剂的使用，并改善其处置方法。
