Assessment of Effective Antimicrobial Regimens and Mortality-Related Risk Factors for Bloodstream Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant .

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the clinical features, risk factors, and effective antimicrobial therapy for Carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) bloodstream infection (BSI).

METHODS

This was a retrospective analysis of data from patients with CRAB bacteremia in a Chinese tertiary hospital between January 2012 and October 2021. Risk factors, predictors of 30-day mortality, and effective antimicrobial therapy for CRAB BSI were identified using logistic and cox regression analyses.

RESULTS

Data from 276 patients with (AB) BSI were included, of whom 157 (56.9%) had CRAB BSI. The risk factors that were significantly associated with CRAB BSI included previous intensive care unit (ICU) stay ( < 0.001), immunocompromised status ( < 0.001), cephalosporin use ( = 0.014), and fluoroquinolone use ( = 0.007). The 30-day mortality of the CRAB BSI group was 49.7% (78/157). ICU stay after BSI ( = 0.047), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score ≥10 ( < 0.001), and multiple organ failure (MOF) ( = 0.037) were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Among antibiotic strategies for the treatment of patients with CRAB BSI, we found that definitive regimens containing cefoperazone/sulbactam were superior to those without cefoperazone/sulbactam in reducing the 30-day mortality rate (25.4% vs 53.4%, = 0.005). After propensity score matching, we observed a significant increase in the 30-day mortality (77.8%vs 33.3%, = 0.036) in patients receiving tigecycline monotherapy compared to those receiving cefoperazone/sulbactam monotherapy. The mortality rate of patients receiving tigecycline with cefoperazone/sulbactam was also higher than that of patients receiving cefoperazone-sulbactam monotherapy; however, the difference was not significant (28.6%vs 19.0%, = 0.375).

CONCLUSION

The severity of patient conditions was significantly associated with mortality in patients with CRAB BSI. Those Patients treated with cefoperazone/sulbactam had better clinical prognoses, and tigecycline should be used with caution.