Lootah Shamma, Alshammari Elaf, Alqanatish Jubran
Pediatric Rheumatology, King Abdullah Specialist Children Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU.
College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus. 2023 Apr 3;15(4):e37076. doi: 10.7759/cureus.37076. eCollection 2023 Apr.
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, can present with various dermatological manifestations, including (albeit rarely) severe mucocutaneous manifestations such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrosis. In contrast, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) commonly presents with mucocutaneous manifestations. The presentation of SJS in a child with MIS-C deserves increased attention from clinicians because of its potential fatality. Here we describe a 10-year-old boy with a history of exposure to confirmed COVID-19 who presented with fever, bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhage, cracked and red lips, oral ulcers, and generalized hemorrhagic skin lesions with targetoid lesions. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, elevated C-reactive protein, sedimentation rate, ferritin, and B-type natriuretic peptide. A skin biopsy revealed patchy vacuolar interface dermatitis with subepidermal edema and superficial and deep perivascular predominantly histiocytic infiltrates with scattered eosinophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils suggestive of SJS. In addition to supportive treatment, he was treated with IV methylprednisolone, immunoglobulins, and infliximab, after which his symptoms improved and gradually resolved.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)引起的2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)可表现出各种皮肤表现,包括(尽管很少见)严重的黏膜皮肤表现,如史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征(SJS)和中毒性表皮坏死松解症。相比之下,儿童多系统炎症综合征(MIS-C)通常表现为黏膜皮肤表现。由于其潜在的致命性,MIS-C患儿出现SJS的情况值得临床医生更多关注。在此,我们描述一名10岁男孩,有确诊COVID-19接触史,出现发热、双侧结膜下出血、嘴唇干裂发红、口腔溃疡以及伴有靶形损害的全身性出血性皮肤损害。实验室检查显示白细胞增多、中性粒细胞增多、淋巴细胞减少、C反应蛋白、血沉、铁蛋白和B型利钠肽升高。皮肤活检显示斑片状空泡界面性皮炎伴表皮下水肿,浅层和深层血管周围主要为组织细胞浸润,并散在嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞,提示为SJS。除支持治疗外,给予他静脉注射甲泼尼龙、免疫球蛋白和英夫利昔单抗治疗,之后其症状改善并逐渐缓解。