Almarzouki Hashem S, Alharbi Suzan Y, Bakhsh Dohaa A, Alayoubi Sarah N, Taher Nada O, Farahat Fayssal
Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU.
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2023 Apr 2;15(4):e37045. doi: 10.7759/cureus.37045. eCollection 2023 Apr.
This study serves as a tool for optometrists and ophthalmologists to reinforce adherence to several preventive factors, which may decrease the incidence of myopia, and avoidance of risk factors by multiple means including education during hospital visits. It also provides insight into who should be screened and tailored screening programs for children.
While studies assessing the prevalence of myopia in Saudi Arabia have contradicting results, only a few studies have evaluated the risk factors of myopia and the effect of using electronic devices on its occurrence. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors, among children attending an ophthalmology clinic in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 182 patients aged < 14 years were selected using convenient sampling. Direct assessment of the refraction was performed in the clinic, and a questionnaire was completed by the child's parent.
Of 182 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 40.7% had myopia. Myopia was more common in boys (56.8%) than in girls (43.2%), with a median age of 8.7 years. Using multivariate regression analysis, only age (eight years and above) (OR=2.15, CI=1.12-4.12, P= 0.03), and family history of myopia (OR= 5.83, CI= 2.82-12.05, P= 0.001) were significant predictors of myopia in children. Other variables (e.g., sex, and use of laptops, computers, smartphones/tablets, or TV) were not statistically significant.
This study did not show a statistically significant association between using electronic devices and the onset and progression of myopia among children. Studies with a larger sample size are required to further investigate this association and assess other potential risk factors.
本研究为验光师和眼科医生提供了一种工具，以加强对多种预防因素的依从性，这可能会降低近视的发病率，并通过多种手段（包括在医院就诊时进行教育）避免危险因素。它还为哪些儿童应接受筛查以及为儿童量身定制筛查计划提供了见解。
虽然评估沙特阿拉伯近视患病率的研究结果相互矛盾，但只有少数研究评估了近视的危险因素以及使用电子设备对近视发生的影响。因此，本研究旨在确定沙特阿拉伯吉达阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王医疗城眼科诊所就诊儿童中近视的患病率及相关危险因素。
进行了一项横断面研究。采用方便抽样法共选取了182名年龄小于14岁的患者。在诊所对屈光进行直接评估，并由儿童家长填写问卷。
在符合纳入标准的182名患者中，40.7%患有近视。近视在男孩中（56.8%）比在女孩中（43.2%）更常见，中位年龄为8.7岁。使用多变量回归分析，只有年龄（8岁及以上）（OR = 2.15，CI = 1.12 - 4.12，P = 0.03）和近视家族史（OR = 5.83，CI = 2.82 - 12.05，P = 0.001）是儿童近视的显著预测因素。其他变量（如性别、使用笔记本电脑、计算机、智能手机/平板电脑或电视）无统计学意义。
本研究未显示使用电子设备与儿童近视的发生和进展之间存在统计学上的显著关联。需要更大样本量的研究来进一步调查这种关联并评估其他潜在危险因素。
