Mak C Y, Yam J Cs, Chen L J, Lee S M, Young A L
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Hong Kong Med J. 2018 Dec;24(6):602-609. doi: 10.12809/hkmj187513. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Myopia (short-sightedness) exhibits high prevalence in East Asia. Methods to mitigate myopia progression are important in preventing the vision-threatening complications associated with high myopia. In this review, we examine the regional epidemiology of myopia and provide updated evidence regarding interventions to slow myopia progression in children.
We performed a literature search using PubMed from the date of inception through 25 June 2018. Studies involving myopia epidemiology and control of myopia progression were selected; only studies published in English were reviewed. Preference was given to prospective studies, as well as those conducted in Hong Kong or East Asia.
Atropine eye drops and pirenzepine eye gel are highly effective for controlling myopia progression in children. Orthokeratology, peripheral defocus contact lenses, bifocal or progressive addition spectacles, and increased involvement in outdoor activities are also effective for controlling myopia progression; however, myopia undercorrection and single vision contact lenses are ineffective.
Although various methods are effective for controlling myopia progression in children, no curative remedy exists for myopia. Health care professionals should be aware of the available methods, as well as their risks and benefits. Treatment should be individualised and based on the preferences of the patient's family, after full discussion of the risks and benefits of each modality.
近视（近视）在东亚地区的患病率很高。减缓近视进展的方法对于预防与高度近视相关的视力威胁性并发症很重要。在本综述中，我们研究了近视的区域流行病学，并提供了关于减缓儿童近视进展干预措施的最新证据。
我们使用PubMed进行文献检索，检索时间从数据库建立之日至2018年6月25日。选择涉及近视流行病学和近视进展控制的研究；仅对英文发表的研究进行综述。优先选择前瞻性研究，以及在香港或东亚进行的研究。
阿托品滴眼液和哌仑西平眼用凝胶在控制儿童近视进展方面非常有效。角膜塑形术、周边离焦接触镜、双焦点或渐进多焦点眼镜以及增加户外活动时间在控制近视进展方面也有效；然而，近视欠矫和单焦点接触镜无效。
虽然有多种方法可有效控制儿童近视进展，但近视尚无治愈方法。医疗保健专业人员应了解可用的方法及其风险和益处。在充分讨论每种方式的风险和益处后，治疗应个体化，并基于患者家庭的偏好。
