School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
J Mol Cell Biol. 2023 Nov 27;15(5). doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad032.
Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative bacterium ubiquitously present in freshwater environments and causes a serious type of pneumonia called Legionnaires' disease. During infections, L. pneumophila releases over 300 effector proteins into host cells through an Icm/Dot type IV secretion system to manipulate the host defense system for survival within the host. Notably, certain effector proteins mediate posttranslational modifications (PTMs), serving as useful approaches exploited by L. pneumophila to modify host proteins. Some effectors catalyze the addition of host protein PTMs, while others mediate the removal of PTMs from host proteins. In this review, we summarize L. pneumophila effector-mediated PTMs of host proteins, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, AMPylation, phosphocholination, methylation, and ADP-ribosylation, as well as dephosphorylation, deubiquitination, deAMPylation, deADP-ribosylation, dephosphocholination, and delipidation. We describe their molecular mechanisms and biological functions in the regulation of bacterial growth and Legionella-containing vacuole biosynthesis and in the disruption of host immune and defense machinery.
嗜肺军团菌是一种革兰氏阴性菌，普遍存在于淡水环境中，可引起一种称为军团病的严重肺炎。在感染过程中，嗜肺军团菌通过 Icm/Dot 型 IV 型分泌系统将超过 300 种效应蛋白释放到宿主细胞中，以操纵宿主防御系统，从而在宿主内存活。值得注意的是，某些效应蛋白介导翻译后修饰（PTM），成为嗜肺军团菌修饰宿主蛋白的有用方法。一些效应子催化宿主蛋白 PTM 的添加，而另一些则介导宿主蛋白 PTM 的去除。在这篇综述中，我们总结了嗜肺军团菌效应子介导的宿主蛋白 PTM，包括磷酸化、泛素化、糖基化、AMP 化、磷酸胆碱化、甲基化和 ADP-核糖基化，以及去磷酸化、去泛素化、去 AMP 化、去 ADP-核糖基化、去磷酸胆碱化和去脂化。我们描述了它们在调节细菌生长和含军团菌的空泡生物合成以及破坏宿主免疫和防御机制中的分子机制和生物学功能。
