Šljivo Armin, Kulenović Alma Džubur
Emergency Medicine Department of Canton Sarajevo, Kolodvorska 14, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, University of Sarajevo, Bolnička 25, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina.
Iran J Psychiatry. 2023 Jan;18(1):1-10. doi: 10.18502/ijps.v18i1.11407.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, fear, anxiety, and depression have become global concerns among the wider public. This study aimed to examine the occurrence of fear, anxiety and depressive symptoms associated with COVID-19, to assess influencing factors that lead to the development of these mental health conditions and to examine any changes in the mental health patterns of the society since the initial study a year ago in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. An anonymous online survey based on Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patients Health Questionnaires (PHQs) was conducted in the general population of Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. From 1096 subjects, 81.3% were females, 33.8% had a high school degree, 56.4% were married, 53.4% were engaged in intellectual labor, 42.3% experienced fear, 72.9% had anxiety symptoms and 70.3% had depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and their mean age was 35.84 ± 10.86. Half (50.1%) of the subjects were COVID-19 positive and 63.8% had COVID-19 symptoms when responding to the questionnaire. Experiencing COVID-19 related fear (OR = 1.972) and having moderate to severe depressive symptoms (OR = 9.514) were associated with the development of mild to severe anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, which were in turn associated with the development of moderate to severe depressive symptoms (OR = 10.203) and COVID-19 related fear (OR = 2.140), respectively, thus creating a potential circulus vicious. COVID-19 positive subjects (OR = 1.454) were also more likely to develop mild to severe anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, the prevalence of fear, anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms rose dramatically since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They were interconnected and were significantly associated with age, gender, marital status and COVID-19 status. Therefore, an urgent mental health intervention is needed for the prevention of mental health problems.
在新冠疫情期间，恐惧、焦虑和抑郁已成为广大公众普遍关注的全球性问题。本研究旨在调查与新冠疫情相关的恐惧、焦虑和抑郁症状的发生情况，评估导致这些心理健康问题产生的影响因素，并研究自一年前在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的萨拉热窝开展初步研究以来，社会心理健康模式的任何变化。在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那萨拉热窝的普通人群中，基于新冠恐惧量表（FCV - 19S）、广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD - 7）和患者健康问卷（PHQ）进行了一项匿名在线调查。在1096名受试者中，81.3%为女性，33.8%拥有高中学历，56.4%已婚，53.4%从事脑力劳动，在新冠疫情期间，42.3%的人经历过恐惧，72.9%有焦虑症状，70.3%有抑郁症状，他们的平均年龄为35.84 ± 10.86岁。在回答问卷时，一半（50.1%）的受试者新冠检测呈阳性，63.8%有新冠症状。在新冠疫情期间，经历与新冠相关的恐惧（OR = 1.972）和有中度至重度抑郁症状（OR = 9.514）与轻度至重度焦虑症状的发生相关，而轻度至重度焦虑症状又分别与中度至重度抑郁症状（OR = 10.203）和与新冠相关的恐惧（OR = 2.140）的发生相关，从而形成一个潜在的恶性循环。新冠检测呈阳性的受试者（OR = 1.454）在新冠疫情期间也更有可能出现轻度至重度焦虑症状。总之，自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那新冠疫情开始以来，恐惧、焦虑症状和抑郁症状的患病率急剧上升。它们相互关联，且与年龄、性别、婚姻状况和新冠状态显著相关。因此，迫切需要进行心理健康干预以预防心理健康问题。
