Khajehpour Hossein, Taksibi Farzaneh, Hassanvand Mohammad Sadegh
Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2023 Mar 6;21(1):21-34. doi: 10.1007/s40201-023-00855-0. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Rapid urbanization and consuming lifestyles have intensified air pollution in urban areas. Air pollution in megacities has imposed severe environmental damages to human health. Proper management of the issue necessitates identification of the share of emission sources. Therefore, numerous research works have studied the apportionment of the total emissions and observed concentrations among different emissions sources. In this research, a comprehensive review is conducted to compare the source apportioning results for ambient air PM in the megacity of Tehran, the capital of Iran. One hundred seventy-seven pieces of scientific literatures, published between 2005 and 2021, were reviewed. The reviewed research are categorized according to the source apportioning methods: emission inventory (EI), source apportionment (SA), and sensitivity analysis of the concentration to the emission sources (SNA). The possible reasons for inconsistency among the results are discussed according to the scope of the studies and the implemented methods. Although 85% of the reviewed original estimates identify that mobile sources contribute to more thant 60% of Tehran air pollution, the distribution of vehicle types and modes are clearly inconsistent among the EI studies. Our review suggests that consistent results in the SA studies in different locations in central Tehran may indicate the reliability of this method for the identification of the type and share of the emission sources. In contrast, differences among the geographical and sectoral coverage of the EI studies and the disparities among the emission factors and activity data have caused significant deviations among the reviewed EI studies. Also, it is shown that the results of the SNA studies are highly dependent on the categorization type, model capabilities and EI presumptions and data input to the pollutant dispersion modelings. As a result, integrated source apportioning in which the three methods complement each other's results is necessary for consistent air pollution management in megacities.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-023-00855-0.
快速的城市化进程和消费型生活方式加剧了城市地区的空气污染。特大城市的空气污染对人类健康造成了严重的环境损害。妥善管理这一问题需要确定排放源的占比。因此，众多研究工作致力于研究不同排放源之间的总排放量分配以及观测到的浓度。在本研究中，进行了全面综述，以比较伊朗首都德黑兰特大城市环境空气中细颗粒物（PM）的源分配结果。对2005年至2021年期间发表的177篇科学文献进行了综述。所综述的研究根据源分配方法进行分类：排放清单（EI）、源分配（SA）以及浓度对排放源的敏感性分析（SNA）。根据研究范围和实施方法讨论了结果不一致的可能原因。尽管85%的综述原始估计表明移动源对德黑兰空气污染的贡献率超过60%，但在排放清单研究中，车辆类型和模式分布明显不一致。我们的综述表明，德黑兰市中心不同地点的源分配研究中一致的结果可能表明该方法在识别排放源类型和占比方面的可靠性。相比之下，排放清单研究在地理和部门覆盖范围上的差异以及排放因子和活动数据的差异导致了所综述的排放清单研究之间存在显著偏差。此外，研究表明，敏感性分析研究的结果高度依赖于分类类型、模型能力以及排放清单假设和污染物扩散模型的数据输入。因此，对于特大城市一致的空气污染管理而言，需要将这三种方法相互补充结果的综合源分配。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s40201-023-00855-0获取的补充材料。
