Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
Environ Geochem Health. 2019 Dec;41(6):2649-2663. doi: 10.1007/s10653-019-00319-1. Epub 2019 May 16.
Atmospheric elements released into the atmosphere can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact and are then deposited in the body. Trace elements have potential risks to human health. For this purpose, the particulate matter accumulated by car air filters (CAFs) was studied. The morphology and distribution of particle size were examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The concentration of elements in CAFs and CAF-estimated air for 30 elements in Tehran, Iran, was analyzed in winter and summer, from February to July 2017. Samples were determined by inductively coupled mass plasma spectrometry. The most abundantly detected elements in both CAFs and air in both seasons were Ca, Mg, Na and Fe. The shape of the particles was mostly irregular and spherical. Most of the particles were between 0.5 and 1.0 µm. The carcinogenic risks of inhalation exposure to Cr and Co in winter and summer were higher than the acceptable level (< 1 × 10) for children and adults. The carcinogenic risks of As and Cr in both seasons were higher than 1 × 10 for children and adults via dermal contact. Also, the carcinogenic risks of Cr in both seasons of ingestion exposure were higher than 1.00E-04 for children and adults. The integrated noncarcinogenic risks of all trace elements were higher than the safe level (= 1) for children and adults in both seasons.
大气元素释放到大气中可以通过吸入、摄入和皮肤接触进入人体，并在体内沉积。微量元素对人体健康有潜在风险。为此，研究了汽车空气滤清器（CAF）积累的颗粒物。使用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪检查了颗粒物的形貌和粒径分布。2017 年 2 月至 7 月，在冬季和夏季分析了伊朗德黑兰 CAF 和 CAF 估计空气中 30 种元素的浓度。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行样品测定。在两个季节的 CAF 和空气中，含量最丰富的元素都是 Ca、Mg、Na 和 Fe。颗粒的形状大多不规则和球形。大多数颗粒的大小在 0.5 到 1.0 µm 之间。冬季和夏季，儿童和成人经吸入途径接触 Cr 和 Co 的致癌风险高于可接受水平（<1×10）。两个季节，儿童和成人经皮肤接触途径接触 As 和 Cr 的致癌风险均高于 1×10。此外，儿童和成人经食入途径接触 Cr 的致癌风险在两个季节均高于 1.00E-04。在两个季节，儿童和成人的所有微量元素的综合非致癌风险均高于安全水平（=1）。
