Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102, Reykjavik, Iceland.
RHLÖ - Icelandic Gerontological Research Center, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Geroscience. 2023 Jun;45(3):1953-1965. doi: 10.1007/s11357-023-00804-7. Epub 2023 May 9.
The study aimed to assess whether factors related to cognitive performance were associated with the development of dementia. Additionally, the study aimed to establish whether cognitive performance at baseline or change in cognition between baseline and follow-up (five-year period) had a stronger association with whether an individual would fulfill a dementia criterion at follow-up. The data was collected from 2002 to 2011. Logistic regression was applied to the AGES-Reykjavik Study epidemiological data. The analysis, which builds upon previous data analyses of the same dataset, included 1,491 participants between the ages of 66 and 90. All those included were considered to have normal cognition at baseline; 8.2% (n = 123) of them fulfilled a dementia criterion at follow-up five years later. The study's results indicated that being high on cognitive reserve factors reduced the risk of developing dementia. Compared to other known dementia risk factors, cognitive reserve factors (education level, participation in leisure activities, and self-reported health) were more likely than others to have an association with dementia. Additionally, the study's findings showed that cognitive performance at baseline, rather than change in cognition between baseline and follow-up five years later, had a stronger association with dementia at the follow-up assessment. Together, these findings support the notion that promoting high cognitive reserve throughout the lifespan and reaching high cognitive performance is important in reducing dementia risk.
本研究旨在评估与认知表现相关的因素是否与痴呆的发展有关。此外，本研究旨在确定基线时的认知表现或基线与随访（五年期）之间认知的变化是否与个体在随访时是否符合痴呆标准有更强的关联。该数据收集于 2002 年至 2011 年。AGES-Reykjavik 研究的流行病学数据采用逻辑回归进行分析。该分析建立在对同一数据集的先前数据分析基础上，包括 1491 名年龄在 66 岁至 90 岁之间的参与者。所有参与者在基线时被认为具有正常认知；其中 8.2%（n=123）在五年后的随访中符合痴呆标准。该研究结果表明，认知储备因素较高可降低患痴呆症的风险。与其他已知的痴呆症风险因素相比，认知储备因素（教育水平、参与休闲活动和自我报告的健康状况）与痴呆症的关联更为密切。此外，该研究的发现表明，基线时的认知表现，而不是基线与随访五年之间认知的变化，与随访时的痴呆症评估有更强的关联。这些发现共同支持了这样一种观点，即在整个生命周期中促进高认知储备和达到高认知表现对于降低痴呆风险很重要。
