Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
Researcher of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2023 Nov;396(11):2987-3005. doi: 10.1007/s00210-023-02504-7. Epub 2023 May 10.
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful chemotherapeutic agent used in many types of malignancies. However, its use results in testicular damage. DOX-induced testicular damage results in low level of serum testosterone which may affect cognitive function. The current study investigated the protective effect of liraglutide (50, 100 μg/kg/day) in testicular toxicity and the consequent cognitive impairment induced by DOX. DOX treatment reduced sperm count (62%) and sperm motility (53%) and increased sperm abnormalities (786%), as compared to control group. DOX also reduced serum testosterone level (85%) and the gene expression of testicular 3β-HSD (68%) and 17β-HSD (82%). Moreover, it increased testicular oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) by 103% and 59%, respectively, apoptotic (caspase-3 and P53) by 996% and 480%, respectively. In addition, DOX resulted in increasing autophagic markers including PAKT, mTOR, and LC3 by 48%, 56%, and 640%, respectively. Additionally, rats' behavior in Y-maze (60%) and passive avoidance task (85%) was disrupted. The histopathological results of testis and brain supported the biochemical findings. Treatment with liraglutide (100 μg/kg/day) significantly abrogated DOX-induced testicular damage by restoring testicular architecture, increasing sperm count (136%) and sperm motility (106%), and decreasing sperm abnormalities (84%) as compared to DOX group. Furthermore, liraglutide increased serum testosterone (500%) and steroidogenesis enzymes 3β-HSD (105%) and 17β-HSD (181%) along with suppressing oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) by 23% and 85%, respectively; apoptotic (caspase-3 and P53) by 59% and55%, respectively; and autophagic markers including PAKT, mTOR, and LC3 by 48%, 97%, and 60%, respectively. Moreover, it enhanced the memory functions in passive avoidance and Y-maze tests (132%). In conclusion, liraglutide is a putative agent for protection against DOX-induced testicular toxicity and cognitive impairment through its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antiautophagic effects.
多柔比星(DOX)是一种用于多种恶性肿瘤的强效化疗药物。然而,其使用会导致睾丸损伤。DOX 诱导的睾丸损伤导致血清睾酮水平降低,可能会影响认知功能。本研究探讨了利拉鲁肽(50、100μg/kg/天)对 DOX 诱导的睾丸毒性和随之而来的认知障碍的保护作用。与对照组相比,DOX 治疗使精子数(62%)和精子活力(53%)降低,并使精子畸形率(786%)增加。此外,它还降低了血清睾酮水平(85%)和睾丸 3β-HSD(68%)和 17β-HSD(82%)的基因表达。此外,它使睾丸氧化应激(MDA 和 GSH)分别增加 103%和 59%,凋亡(caspase-3 和 P53)分别增加 996%和 480%。此外,DOX 导致自噬标志物 PAKT、mTOR 和 LC3 的表达分别增加 48%、56%和 640%。此外,大鼠在 Y 迷宫(60%)和被动回避任务(85%)中的行为受到干扰。睾丸和大脑的组织病理学结果支持生化发现。与 DOX 组相比,利拉鲁肽(100μg/kg/天)的治疗显著减轻了 DOX 诱导的睾丸损伤,恢复了睾丸结构,使精子数(136%)和精子活力(106%)增加,并使精子畸形率(84%)降低。此外,利拉鲁肽增加了血清睾酮(500%)和类固醇生成酶 3β-HSD(105%)和 17β-HSD(181%),同时使氧化应激(MDA 和 GSH)分别降低 23%和 85%;凋亡(caspase-3 和 P53)分别降低 59%和 55%;自噬标志物 PAKT、mTOR 和 LC3 分别降低 48%、97%和 60%。此外,它增强了被动回避和 Y 迷宫测试中的记忆功能(132%)。总之,利拉鲁肽通过抗氧化、抗凋亡和抗自噬作用,成为一种潜在的保护 DOX 诱导的睾丸毒性和认知障碍的药物。
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