Harish B S, Thayumanavan Tha, Nambukrishnan Veerasekar, Sakthishobana K
Department of Biotechnology, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, 641402 India.
Sathyamangalam, 638401 India Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology.
3 Biotech. 2023 Jun;13(6):165. doi: 10.1007/s13205-023-03586-z. Epub 2023 May 6.
The current physicochemical methods for decolorizing toxic synthetic dyes are not sustainable to halt the environmental damage as they are expensive and often produce concentrated sludge, which may lead to secondary disposal problems. Biocatalysis (microbes and/or their enzymes) is a cost-effective, versatile, energy-saving and clean alternative. The most common enzymes involved in dye degradation are laccases, azoreductases and peroxidases. Toxic dyes could be converted into less harmful byproducts through the combined action of many enzymes or the utilization of whole cells. The action of whole cells to treat dye effluents is either by biosorption or degradation (aerobic or anaerobic). Using immobilized cells or enzymes will offer advantages such as superior stability, persistence against harsh environmental conditions, reusability and longer half-lives. This review envisages the recent strategies of immobilization and bioreactor considerations with the immobilized system as the effective treatment of textile dye effluents. Packed bed reactors are the most popular heterogeneous biocatalytic reactors for dye decolorization due to their efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
目前用于使有毒合成染料脱色的物理化学方法无法持续阻止环境破坏，因为它们成本高昂，且常常产生浓缩污泥，这可能导致二次处置问题。生物催化（微生物和/或其酶）是一种经济高效、用途广泛、节能且清洁的替代方法。参与染料降解的最常见酶是漆酶、偶氮还原酶和过氧化物酶。有毒染料可通过多种酶的联合作用或利用全细胞转化为危害较小的副产物。全细胞处理染料废水的作用方式是生物吸附或降解（好氧或厌氧）。使用固定化细胞或酶将具有诸多优势，如稳定性更高、能抵御恶劣环境条件、可重复使用以及半衰期更长。本综述设想了固定化的最新策略以及生物反应器的考量因素，其中固定化系统可有效处理纺织染料废水。填充床反应器因其效率高和成本效益好，是用于染料脱色最受欢迎的多相生物催化反应器。
