School of Design, The Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow, UK
THIS Institute (The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
BMJ Open. 2023 May 10;13(5):e069352. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069352.
We tested a modified co-design process to develop a set of high-level design principles for visual identification systems (VIS) for hospitalised people with dementia.
We designed and ran remote workshops in three phases with carers of people with dementia and healthcare staff. In phase 1 we presented participants with scenarios based on findings from prior research, prompting participants to discuss their own experiences of VIS. Phase 2 used more future-focused scenarios, prompting participants to co-design improved VIS. In phase 3, a set of provisional design principles developed from our analysis of phases 1 and 2 data were discussed.
Online workshops.
A total of 26 carers and 9 healthcare staff took part in a pilot and three separate workshops.
We identified a set of six dementia-friendly design principles for improving the effectiveness of VIS: (1) The hospital trust provides a professionally-trained workforce and an appropriate culture of care; (2) the symbol is easily recognisable and well understood; (3) key personal information is readily available and accessible; (4) key personal information is integrated into the electronic patient record; (5) relatives and carers are involved in providing key information and monitoring care; (6) the principles need to function as a system to be successful. Participants suggested that, in addition to the use of an identifier and key personal information, professional standards training, effective information and records management and improved means to involve carers and/or families were key to the effective operation of VIS, leading us to expand a narrow understanding of a VIS.
Using a scenario-led co-design approach can help trigger useful discussions with staff and carer groups, identify current problems with VIS and develop a set of high-level design principles for their improvement. These principles reveal day-to-day frictions that require further attention and resolution.
我们测试了一种改良的共同设计过程，为患有痴呆症的住院患者开发了一套高级视觉识别系统（VIS）设计原则。
我们分三个阶段与痴呆症患者的照顾者和医护人员一起远程设计和开展了研讨会。在第 1 阶段，我们根据先前研究的发现向参与者展示了一些场景，促使参与者讨论他们自己对 VIS 的体验。在第 2 阶段，我们使用了更具前瞻性的场景，促使参与者共同设计改进的 VIS。在第 3 阶段，我们讨论了从第 1 阶段和第 2 阶段的数据分析中得出的一套暂定设计原则。
在线研讨会。
共有 26 名照顾者和 9 名医护人员参加了试点和三个单独的研讨会。
我们确定了提高 VIS 有效性的一套六项痴呆友好型设计原则：（1）医院信托提供经过专业培训的员工和适当的护理文化；（2）符号易于识别和理解；（3）关键个人信息随时可用且易于访问；（4）关键个人信息集成到电子病历中；（5）亲属和照顾者参与提供关键信息和监测护理；（6）原则需要作为一个系统成功运作。参与者认为，除了使用标识符和关键个人信息外，专业标准培训、有效的信息和记录管理以及改善与照顾者和/或家属联系的方式是 VIS 有效运作的关键，这导致我们扩大了对 VIS 的狭隘理解。
使用场景引导的共同设计方法可以帮助与员工和照顾者群体进行有用的讨论，识别 VIS 当前存在的问题，并制定一套高级设计原则来改进它们。这些原则揭示了日常摩擦，需要进一步关注和解决。
