Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde do Adolescente, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde do Adolescente, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Nutrition. 2023 Jul;111:112051. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112051. Epub 2023 Mar 29.
Some studies have proposed a beneficial effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake with regard to insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to estimate the energy percentage and the daily PUFA intake to investigate the association between PUFAs and insulin resistance in a large sample of Brazilian adolescents.
We evaluated 37 023 adolescents ages 12 to 17 y, who were participants in ERICA (Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents). Energy percentage and PUFA daily intake were extracted from a 24-h dietary recall. The mean daily intake of total fat, median, and the respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of daily intake of linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA) and the ratio of LA to ALA were estimated according to sociodemographic variables. Associations of PUFA and markers of glucose homeostasis were analyzed by Poisson regression model.
Mean total fat intake was 30.1% of energy (95% CI, 29.9-30.4). Most participants met the current recommended values of PUFA and LA/ALA ratio ranging from 5:1 to 10:1 (80.9%, 95% CI, 79.8-81.8). ALA intake was inversely associated with higher waist circumference (prevalence ratio [PR], 0.996; 95% CI, 0.994-0.998). LA/ALA ratio ≥9:1 was significantly associated with higher levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; PR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.006-1.02), and ratio >10:1 also showed significant association with higher levels of HOMA-IR (PR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03) and glycated hemoglobin (PR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.26). These associations remained significant after adjustment.
Promotion of ALA intake and balanced LA/ALA ratio should be considered as a possible health strategy aimed at contributing to better control of glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in adolescents.
一些研究提出多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的摄入对胰岛素敏感性有益。本研究旨在估计能量百分比和每日 PUFA 摄入量，以调查大量巴西青少年中 PUFAs 与胰岛素抵抗之间的关系。
我们评估了 37023 名 12 至 17 岁的青少年，他们是 ERICA（青少年心血管风险研究）的参与者。从 24 小时膳食回忆中提取能量百分比和每日 PUFA 摄入量。根据社会人口统计学变量，估计总脂肪、中位数以及每日亚油酸（LA）、α-亚麻酸（ALA）摄入量的相应 95%置信区间（95%CI）。通过泊松回归模型分析 PUFA 与葡萄糖稳态标志物的关系。
平均总脂肪摄入量占能量的 30.1%（95%CI，29.9-30.4）。大多数参与者满足当前推荐的 PUFA 和 LA/ALA 比值（5:1 至 10:1）（80.9%，95%CI，79.8-81.8）。ALA 摄入量与较高的腰围呈负相关（优势比 [PR]，0.996；95%CI，0.994-0.998）。LA/ALA 比值≥9:1 与较高的稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）水平显著相关（PR，1.01；95%CI，1.006-1.02），比值>10:1 也与较高的 HOMA-IR 水平显著相关（PR，1.02；95%CI，1.01-1.03）和糖化血红蛋白（PR，1.14；95%CI，1.04-1.26）。调整后这些关联仍然显著。
促进 ALA 摄入和平衡 LA/ALA 比值应被视为一种可能的健康策略，旨在有助于更好地控制青少年的葡萄糖稳态和胰岛素抵抗。
