Cavallino Luciano, Rincón Laura, Scaia María Florencia
Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada - CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Apr 24;10:1050510. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1050510. eCollection 2023.
Animal welfare is a key issue not only for aquaculture industry and food production, but also for daily husbandry practices in research topics related to physiology in wild and farmed animals. In this context, teleost fish constitute interesting models to assess alternative welfare indicators because of their wide diversity in reproductive and social structures. Any framework for assessing teleost fish welfare needs to account for the physiological mechanisms involved in each species as a first step. A comprehensive approach should also take into account how these physiological and behavioral parameters can be altered by environmental enrichment considering the specific requirements in each case and identifying intrinsic biological characteristics of individual species. This review will show how cortisol and sex steroids regulate social behavior in teleost fish, and how different aspects of social behavior can be employed as welfare indicators according to specific characteristics in each case. This article will consider evidence in teleost fish, including cichlids, characids and cyprinids with different reproductive strategies and social structures (e.g., territorial social hierarchies or shoaling behavior). Neotropical species will be particularly emphasized. The main laboratory-based animal welfare indicators are cortisol, a classical stress hormone, together with sex steroids. Considering that the endocrine landscape is intrinsically related to social behavior, reproductive and agonistic behavioral traits such as aggression, anxiety and courtship are key elements to assess welfare under housing and culture conditions. This review highlights the importance of assessing physiological mechanisms and identifying behavioral characteristics in teleost fish, especially in Neotropical species, as a baseline to understand which environmental enrichment can improve animal welfare in each individual species.
动物福利不仅是水产养殖业和食品生产中的关键问题，也是与野生动物和养殖动物生理学相关研究课题中日常饲养实践的关键问题。在这种背景下，硬骨鱼因其在生殖和社会结构方面的广泛多样性，成为评估替代福利指标的有趣模型。评估硬骨鱼福利的任何框架都需要首先考虑每个物种所涉及的生理机制。一种全面的方法还应考虑到环境富集如何根据每种情况的特定要求以及识别单个物种的内在生物学特征来改变这些生理和行为参数。本综述将展示皮质醇和性类固醇如何调节硬骨鱼的社会行为，以及如何根据每种情况的特定特征将社会行为的不同方面用作福利指标。本文将考虑硬骨鱼的相关证据，包括具有不同生殖策略和社会结构（如领地社会等级制度或群居行为）的丽鱼科、脂鲤科和鲤科鱼类。新热带物种将被特别强调。基于实验室的主要动物福利指标是皮质醇（一种经典的应激激素）和性类固醇。鉴于内分泌情况与社会行为本质上相关，诸如攻击、焦虑和求偶等生殖和争斗行为特征是评估圈养和养殖条件下福利的关键要素。本综述强调了评估硬骨鱼，特别是新热带物种的生理机制和识别行为特征的重要性，以此作为了解哪种环境富集可以改善每个物种动物福利的基线。
