Spinos Theodoros, Georgiou Alexandros, Voulgari Olga, Goutas Dimitrios, Lazaris Andreas C, Thymara Irini, Kavantzas Nikolaos, Thomopoulou Georgia-Eleni
First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Cytopathology Department, "Attikon" University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Cancer Diagn Progn. 2023 May 3;3(3):291-296. doi: 10.21873/cdp.10214. eCollection 2023 May-Jun.
BACKGROUND/AIM: The purpose of this article was to review the association between the ETS-related gene (ERG) and the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) genes with pathologic parameters of prostate cancer, emphasizing on Gleason score.
We performed a PubMed-based search of the literature emphasizing on articles that use pathological techniques, and especially on those that report the use immunohistochemical staining and FISH to investigate the association between ERG and PTEN mutations with the histopathologic parameters of prostate cancer.
ERG expression is frequently marked in patients with prostate cancer, usually due to the occurrence of the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. Although some studies reported a potential link between the expression of ERG and Gleason score, there is no strong evidence supporting this finding. On the contrary, there is more solid evidence correlating loss of PTEN expression with worse prognosis and higher Gleason scores. Few studies correlate the over-expression of ERG gene with the loss of PTEN expression. Finally, PTEN and ERG have been studied as potential therapeutic targets, and several promising results have been reported.
Although, at some degree, ERG expression seems to be associated with the morphological features of prostate cancer, different studies reported controversial results. However, expression of PTEN is more clearly associated with the pathology and clinical course of the disease. More research is required to elucidate the role of these molecules in the molecular pathology of prostate cancer, as well as their potential use as therapeutic targets.
背景/目的：本文旨在综述ETS相关基因（ERG）和磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源物（PTEN）基因与前列腺癌病理参数之间的关联，重点关注 Gleason 评分。
我们在 PubMed 上进行了文献检索，重点关注使用病理技术的文章，尤其是那些报告使用免疫组织化学染色和荧光原位杂交（FISH）来研究 ERG 和 PTEN 突变与前列腺癌组织病理学参数之间关联的文章。
ERG 表达在前列腺癌患者中经常有明显表现，通常是由于 TMPRSS2:ERG 基因融合的发生。尽管一些研究报告了 ERG 表达与 Gleason 评分之间可能存在联系，但没有强有力的证据支持这一发现。相反，有更确凿的证据表明 PTEN 表达缺失与预后较差和更高的 Gleason 评分相关。很少有研究将 ERG 基因的过表达与 PTEN 表达缺失联系起来。最后，PTEN 和 ERG 已被作为潜在的治疗靶点进行研究，并且已经报道了一些有前景的结果。
尽管在某种程度上，ERG 表达似乎与前列腺癌的形态学特征相关，但不同的研究报告了相互矛盾的结果。然而，PTEN 的表达与疾病的病理和临床进程的关联更为明确。需要更多的研究来阐明这些分子在前列腺癌分子病理学中的作用，以及它们作为治疗靶点的潜在用途。
