埃塞俄比亚巴赫达尔市巴赫达尔国际机场的鸟类多样性与鸟击问题

Avian diversity and bird-aircraft strike problems in Bahir Dar International Airport, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

作者信息

Tefera Tsegaye, Ejigu Dessalegn, Tassie Nega

机构信息

Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

出版信息

BMC Zool. 2022 Jun 28;7(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s40850-022-00135-8.

DOI:10.1186/s40850-022-00135-8

PMID:37170328

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10127315/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Bahir Dar International Airport and its surrounding habitats are known for their rich avifaunal diversity, which results in bird-aircraft collisions as a fundamental problem in the area. A study on bird diversity and bird-aircraft strikes at Bahir Dar International Airport was conducted between February 2020 and August 2020. Based on its vegetation structures, the study area was classified into four habitat types namely; bushland, grassland, wetland, and modified habitats. Transect and point count methods were used to collect data on avian diversity and abundance. Questionnaire surveys, interviews, and document analysis were used to gather information about incidents and protection measures against bird-aircraft strike problems. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson's similarity index, ANOVA, and chi-square test were used for data analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 80 avian species belonging to 15 orders and 40 families were identified in the study area. The highest species diversity (H' = 3.59) and species evenness (E = 0.96) were recorded in modified habitats during the wet season. Relative abundance categories of birds in the study area showed that most were uncommon birds. Birds pose severe threats to aircraft in the airport and 92.3% of the respondents replied that most bird-aircraft strikes occurred early in the morning and late in the afternoon when birds remain more active. The majority (88.5%) of questionnaire participants confirmed that bird-aircraft strike incidents frequently occurred during the time of takeoff and landing of the aircraft. It is also known that on average forty bird-aircraft collisions per year happen at the airport.

CONCLUSION

Bahir Dar International Airport is rich in its bird diversity that recalls the aviation authority to work in collaboration with different organizations to avoid bird-aircraft strike problems using different control measures without compromising the conservation of birds.

摘要

背景

巴赫达尔国际机场及其周边栖息地以丰富的鸟类多样性而闻名，这导致鸟类与飞机碰撞成为该地区的一个基本问题。2020年2月至2020年8月，对巴赫达尔国际机场的鸟类多样性和鸟类与飞机碰撞情况进行了一项研究。根据其植被结构，研究区域被划分为四种栖息地类型，即灌木丛、草原、湿地和人工改造栖息地。采用样带法和定点计数法收集鸟类多样性和数量的数据。通过问卷调查、访谈和文献分析收集有关鸟类与飞机碰撞事件及防范措施的信息。数据分析采用香农 - 维纳多样性指数、辛普森相似性指数、方差分析和卡方检验。

结果

研究区域共鉴定出80种鸟类，分属15目40科。雨季时，人工改造栖息地记录到最高的物种多样性（H' = 3.59）和物种均匀度（E = 0.96）。研究区域鸟类的相对丰度类别显示，大多数为不常见鸟类。鸟类对机场飞机构成严重威胁，92.3%的受访者表示，大多数鸟类与飞机的碰撞发生在清晨和傍晚，此时鸟类活动更为频繁。大多数（88.5%）问卷参与者证实，鸟类与飞机碰撞事件在飞机起飞和降落时频繁发生。据了解，该机场平均每年发生40起鸟类与飞机碰撞事件。