Derebe Yonas, Derebe Binega, Kassaye Melkamu, Gibru Amare
Department of Forest and Climate Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Climate Science, Injibara University, Ethiopia.
Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Agriculture, Food and Climate Science, Injibara University, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2023 Jun 8;9(6):e17127. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17127. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Almost all habitats on the planet are home to birds, from the lowest deserts to the highest mountains. Birds have proved to be excellent indicators of biodiversity or productivity as they are easily observed and are relatively well known compared to other animals. Although bird species are distributed across the globe, habitat destruction, fragmentation, and loss have adversely affected their survival and distribution. Therefore, this study is an attempt to prepare a baseline data on avifaunal diversity with their relative abundance and species richness in different habitats within Lewi Mountain Awi zone, Ethiopia from December 2018 to October 2020, including both the wet and dry seasons. The sampling sites were stratified based on land cover features, and transect count techniques were employed. The data were summarized per season and habitat type in the excel spreadsheet throughout the study period. In this study, one-way ANOVA was used to determine the effect of habitat type on species diversity and abundance. T-tests are also use to analyze bird populations among seasons. A total of 1591 individuals, 56 bird species belonging to 29 families and 12 orders were identified during the two seasons. The Wetland habitat had the highest species diversity index (H' = 3) with high evenness index (J = 0.88) during the dry season followed by the open shrubs habitat (H' = 2.97) with the highest evenness index (J = 0.95). The settlement had the lowest species diversity (H' = 2.17) and the lowest evenness index (J = 0.8) in the same season. During the wet season, disturbed forests recorded the highest Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H' = 3.2) with the highest evenness (J = 0.92) followed by Wetland habitat (H' = 2.97) with high evenness index (J = 0.87). During dry and wet seasons, the abundance of birds' species in different habitat types did not differ significantly (F = 1.91, p = 0.193, dƒ = 3) and (F = 1.579, p = 0.199, dƒ = 3), respectively. From all studied habitats, the overall mean abundance of bird species between dry and wet seasons was significantly different (F = 3642, P ≤ 0.001, dƒ = 1). In conclusion, settlement had the lowest species diversity and the lowest evenness index in the research area for the entire season. The habitats are important to the conservation of birds, so good habitat management is required, such as minimizing agricultural expansion and overgrazing, demarcating the forest habitats for wild species only, and creating awareness among local communities.
地球上几乎所有的栖息地都是鸟类的家园，从最低的沙漠到最高的山脉。事实证明，鸟类是生物多样性或生产力的优秀指标，因为它们很容易被观察到，而且与其他动物相比，人们对它们也比较了解。尽管鸟类物种分布在全球各地，但栖息地的破坏、碎片化和丧失对它们的生存和分布产生了不利影响。因此，本研究试图在2018年12月至2020年10月期间，包括雨季和旱季，编制埃塞俄比亚刘易斯山阿维地区不同栖息地鸟类多样性及其相对丰度和物种丰富度的基线数据。采样地点根据土地覆盖特征进行分层，并采用样带计数技术。在整个研究期间，数据按季节和栖息地类型汇总在Excel电子表格中。在本研究中，采用单因素方差分析来确定栖息地类型对物种多样性和丰度的影响。t检验也用于分析不同季节的鸟类种群。在这两个季节中，共鉴定出1591只个体，56种鸟类，分属于29个科和12个目。旱季湿地栖息地的物种多样性指数最高（H' = 3），均匀度指数较高（J = 0.88），其次是开阔灌丛栖息地（H' = 2.97），均匀度指数最高（J = 0.95）。在同一季节，居民区的物种多样性最低（H' = 2.17），均匀度指数最低（J = 0.8）。雨季时，受干扰的森林记录的香农-维纳多样性指数最高（H' = 3.2），均匀度最高（J = 0.92），其次是湿地栖息地（H' = 2.97），均匀度指数较高（J = 0.87）。在旱季和雨季，不同栖息地类型的鸟类物种丰度没有显著差异（F = 1.91，p = 0.193，自由度 = 3）和（F = 1.579，p = 0.199，自由度 = 3）。在所有研究的栖息地中，旱季和雨季之间鸟类物种的总体平均丰度存在显著差异（F = 3642，P ≤ 0.001，自由度 = 1）。总之，在整个季节中，居民区在研究区域内的物种多样性最低，均匀度指数最低。这些栖息地对鸟类保护很重要，因此需要进行良好的栖息地管理，例如尽量减少农业扩张和过度放牧，只为野生物种划定森林栖息地，并提高当地社区的认识。
