Sobti Bhawna, Kamal-Eldin Afaf, Rasul Sanaa, Alnuaimi Mariam Saeed Khalfan, Alnuaimi Khulood Jaber Jasim, Alhassani Alia Ali Khsaif, Almheiri Mariam M A, Nazir Akmal
Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.
Foods. 2023 Apr 28;12(9):1838. doi: 10.3390/foods12091838.
Double emulsions (W/O/W) have long been used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to encapsulate hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effect of different types of emulsifiers (plant- vs. animal-based proteins) on the encapsulation properties of leaf extract (MLE) prepared using the double emulsion method. Using response surface methodology, the effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions (amplitude 20-50%; time 10-30 min; ethanol concentration 70-90%) on the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (percent inhibition) of the MLE was studied. MLE under optimized conditions (ethanol concentration 76%; amplitude 39%; time 30 min) had a TPC of 62.83 mg GA equivalents/g and an antioxidant activity of 23.49%. The optimized MLE was encapsulated using soy, pea, and whey protein isolates in two emulsifying conditions: 4065× /min and 4065× /30 s. The droplet size, optical images, rheology, and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of the different encapsulated MLEs were compared. The W/O/W produced at 4065× /min exhibited a smaller droplet size and higher EE% and viscosity than that prepared at 4065× /30 s. The higher EE% of soy and pea protein isolates indicated their potential as an effective alternative for bioactive compound encapsulation.
双乳液（W/O/W）长期以来一直用于食品和制药行业，以封装疏水性和亲水性药物及生物活性化合物。本研究调查了不同类型的乳化剂（植物源与动物源蛋白质）对采用双乳液法制备的叶提取物（MLE）包封特性的影响。使用响应面法，研究了超声辅助提取条件（振幅20 - 50%；时间10 - 30分钟；乙醇浓度70 - 90%）对MLE总酚含量（TPC）和抗氧化活性（抑制百分比）的影响。在优化条件（乙醇浓度76%；振幅39%；时间30分钟）下的MLE的TPC为62.83毫克没食子酸当量/克，抗氧化活性为23.49%。在两种乳化条件下（4065×/分钟和4065×/30秒），使用大豆、豌豆和乳清分离蛋白对优化后的MLE进行包封。比较了不同包封的MLE的液滴尺寸、光学图像、流变学和包封效率（EE%）。在4065×/分钟下制备的W/O/W乳液比在4065×/30秒下制备的乳液具有更小的液滴尺寸、更高的EE%和粘度。大豆和豌豆分离蛋白较高的EE%表明它们作为生物活性化合物包封的有效替代品的潜力。
