Homer Bonnie, Judd Jackson, Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh Manijeh, Ebrahimie Esmaeil, Trott Darren J
School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia.
Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Apr 25;13(9):1458. doi: 10.3390/ani13091458.
The literature has identified poor nutrition as the leading factor in the manifestation of many behavioural issues in animals, including aggression, hyperalertness, and stereotypies. Literature focused on all species of interest consistently reported that although there were no significant differences in the richness of specific bacterial taxa in the microbiota of individual subjects with abnormal behaviour (termed alpha diversity), there was variability in species diversity between these subjects compared to controls (termed beta diversity). As seen in humans with mental disorders, animals exhibiting abnormal behaviour often have an enrichment of pro-inflammatory and lactic acid-producing bacteria and a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria. It is evident from the literature that an association exists between gut microbiota diversity (and by extension, the concurrent production of microbial metabolites) and abnormal behavioural phenotypes across various species, including pigs, dogs, and horses. Similar microbiota population changes are also evident in human mental health patients. However, there are insufficient data to identify this association as a cause or effect. This review provides testable hypotheses for future research to establish causal relationships between gut microbiota and behavioural issues in animals, offering promising potential for the development of novel therapeutic and/or preventative interventions aimed at restoring a healthy gut-brain-immune axis to mitigate behavioural issues and, in turn, improve health, performance, and production in animals.
文献已确定营养不良是动物许多行为问题表现的主要因素，包括攻击性、过度警觉和刻板行为。聚焦于所有相关物种的文献一致报道，虽然行为异常的个体受试者（称为α多样性）的微生物群中特定细菌类群的丰富度没有显著差异，但与对照组相比，这些受试者之间的物种多样性存在差异（称为β多样性）。正如在患有精神障碍的人类中所见，表现出异常行为的动物通常促炎和产乳酸细菌增多，而产丁酸细菌减少。从文献中可以明显看出，肠道微生物群多样性（以及由此延伸的微生物代谢物的同时产生）与包括猪、狗和马在内的各种物种的异常行为表型之间存在关联。类似的微生物群变化在人类精神健康患者中也很明显。然而，没有足够的数据来确定这种关联是因果关系。本综述为未来研究提供了可检验的假设，以建立肠道微生物群与动物行为问题之间的因果关系，为开发旨在恢复健康的肠-脑-免疫轴以减轻行为问题从而改善动物健康、性能和生产的新型治疗和/或预防干预措施提供了有前景的潜力。
