Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 19;23(9):4494. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094494.
An emerging body of literature demonstrates differences in the gut microbiome (GMB) of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to healthy controls (HC), as well as the potential benefits of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic treatment. We conducted a systematic review of 24 observational studies (n = 2817), and 19 interventional trials (n = 1119). We assessed alpha diversity, beta diversity, and taxa abundance changes in patients with MDD relative to HC, as well as the effect of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on depressive symptoms in individuals with clinical or subclinical depression. We observed no significant differences in alpha diversity but a significant difference in beta diversity between patients with MDD and HC. There were fluctuations in the abundance of specific taxa in patients with MDD relative to HC. Probiotic and synbiotic, but not prebiotic, treatment showed a modest benefit in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with MDD over four to nine weeks. The GMB profiles of patients with MDD differ significantly from HC, but further studies are needed to elucidate the benefits of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic treatments relative to antidepressants and over longer follow-up before these therapies are implemented into clinical practice.
越来越多的文献表明，与健康对照组 (HC) 相比，重度抑郁症 (MDD) 患者的肠道微生物群 (GMB) 存在差异，以及使用益生元、益生菌和合生剂治疗的潜在益处。我们对 24 项观察性研究（n = 2817）和 19 项干预性试验（n = 1119）进行了系统综述。我们评估了 MDD 患者相对于 HC 的 alpha 多样性、beta 多样性和分类群丰度变化，以及益生元、益生菌和合生剂对有临床或亚临床抑郁的个体抑郁症状的影响。我们观察到 MDD 患者与 HC 之间 alpha 多样性没有显著差异，但 beta 多样性有显著差异。与 HC 相比，MDD 患者特定分类群的丰度存在波动。益生菌和合生剂治疗，而不是益生元治疗，在四周至九周内显示出适度改善 MDD 患者抑郁症状的益处。MDD 患者的 GMB 特征与 HC 有显著差异，但需要进一步研究阐明益生元、益生菌和合生剂治疗相对于抗抑郁药的益处，以及在将这些治疗方法应用于临床实践之前，在更长的随访时间内的益处。
