Grima-Olmedo Carlos, Valle-Falcones Laura M, Galindo Dulce Gómez-Limón, Esparver Ramón Rodríguez-Pons
Departamento de Ingeniería Geológica y Minera, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
Tecminergy, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28906 Getafe, Spain.
Materials (Basel). 2023 May 1;16(9):3498. doi: 10.3390/ma16093498.
The production of agricultural waste is associated with environmental problems and risks to public health. The general interest demands, as an ecological alternative, the proper management of waste generated by industrial activity through its transformation into value-added products. Carbonization/activation (2 h/2 h) at 700 °C in a vertical furnace (20 K/min), to produce biochar and activated carbon (AC) from bamboo, orange, and paulownia residue, was carried out in a laboratory facility with physical activation by CO and steam. The characterization of the carbonaceous material obtained was based on the determination of the N adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77 K, the specific surface area with the BET procedure, and its internal structure by means of SEM images. The BET surface area values obtained as a function of the CO/steam agent used were 911/1182 m/g, 248/388 m/g, and 800/1166 m/g for bamboo, orange, and paulownia, respectively. The range of variation of porosity in paulownia residue generated after steam activation was 485-1166 m/g, varying depending on the degree of maturity of the biomass used. Research has shown that both the type of activation agent used to produce AC and the degree of plant maturation of the precursor residue affect the quality and characteristics of the final product.
农业废弃物的产生与环境问题及公共健康风险相关。从普遍利益出发，作为一种生态替代方案，需要通过将工业活动产生的废弃物转化为增值产品来对其进行妥善管理。在实验室设施中，于立式炉（升温速率20 K/min）中在700℃下进行碳化/活化（2小时/2小时），通过CO和蒸汽进行物理活化，以竹、橙子和泡桐残渣生产生物炭和活性炭（AC）。对所得含碳材料的表征基于在77 K下测定N吸附-脱附等温线、采用BET法测定比表面积以及借助扫描电子显微镜图像分析其内部结构。对于竹、橙子和泡桐，作为所使用的CO/蒸汽介质的函数所获得的BET比表面积值分别为911/1182 m²/g、248/388 m²/g和800/1166 m²/g。蒸汽活化后泡桐残渣中孔隙率的变化范围为485 - 1166 m²/g，这取决于所使用生物质的成熟度。研究表明，用于生产AC的活化剂类型以及前体残渣的植物成熟度都会影响最终产品的质量和特性。
