Gare Jocelyne, Kanoute Aida, Orsini Giovanna, Gonçalves Lucio Souza, Ali Alshehri Fahad, Bourgeois Denis, Carrouel Florence
Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), Research Unit UR 4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
Public Health Laboratory (LASAP), University Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou 7021, Burkina Faso.
J Clin Med. 2023 May 8;12(9):3349. doi: 10.3390/jcm12093349.
The scope of this study was to assess the prevalence, severity of extension, and risk factors of gingivitis among pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study, 220 nulliparous women at 3 months of pregnancy were recruited in 2022 at the first obstetrical visit in Dakar, Senegal. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, prenatal clinical status, and oral clinical parameters were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess relationships between gingivitis and risk factors. Eighty-eight percent of women had gingivitis, 15% were classified as moderate and 73% as severe. A total of 66.7% (95% CI [28.8-92.1]) of the sites had bleeding on interdental brushing. The odds for gingivitis decreased significantly for women consuming more than five portions of fruits and vegetables per day (OR = 0.15; 95% CI [0.03-0.66]) and increased in women who had a professional activity (OR = 6.75; 95% CI [1.27-35.87]) and high education. Concomitantly, the percentage of dental plaque (OR = 131.6; 95% CI [10.80-1619.71] and the severity of clinical attachment loss (OR = 7.70; 95% CI [3.16-18.92]) were important risk factors. Inverse associations were observed with increasing body mass index (OR = 0.76; 95% CI [0.63-0.93]). Our results underline that gingivitis cases and bleeding were particularly high among 3-month pregnant women. Literacy and adequate oral hygiene actions to modify behaviors and to achieve meticulous biofilm disorganization could make a favorable change in the gingival health outcome. Additionally, further research is necessary to precisely determine the role of biofilm-induced gingivitis and systemic-induced gingivitis in improving gingival conditions.
本研究的范围是评估孕妇中牙龈炎的患病率、扩展严重程度及危险因素。在这项横断面研究中，2022年于塞内加尔达喀尔的首次产科就诊时招募了220名妊娠3个月的未生育女性。记录了人口统计学特征、生活方式习惯、产前临床状况及口腔临床参数。采用多变量逻辑回归模型评估牙龈炎与危险因素之间的关系。88%的女性患有牙龈炎，15%被归类为中度，73%为重度。总共66.7%（95%置信区间[28.8 - 92.1]）的部位在使用牙间刷时出血。每天食用超过五份水果和蔬菜的女性患牙龈炎的几率显著降低（比值比=0.15；95%置信区间[0.03 - 0.66]），而从事职业活动的女性（比值比=6.75；95%置信区间[1.27 - 35.87]）和受过高等教育的女性患牙龈炎的几率增加。同时，牙菌斑百分比（比值比=131.6；95%置信区间[10.80 - 1619.71]）和临床附着丧失的严重程度（比值比=7.70；95%置信区间[3.16 - 18.92]）是重要的危险因素。随着体重指数增加观察到反向关联（比值比=0.76；95%置信区间[0.63 - 0.93]）。我们的结果强调，妊娠3个月的孕妇中牙龈炎病例和出血情况尤为严重。识字以及采取适当的口腔卫生措施来改变行为并实现细致的生物膜破坏，可能会使牙龈健康状况产生有利变化。此外，有必要进行进一步研究以精确确定生物膜诱导的牙龈炎和全身诱导的牙龈炎在改善牙龈状况中的作用。
