10至19岁未婚青少年贫血发病率和缓解的预测因素：印度一项基于人群的前瞻性纵向研究

Predictors of Incidence and Remission of Anemia among Never-Married Adolescents Aged 10-19 Years: A Population-Based Prospective Longitudinal Study in India.

作者信息

Rai Rajesh Kumar, Shinde Sachin, De Neve Jan-Walter, Fawzi Wafaie W

机构信息

Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, West Bengal, India.

Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

出版信息

Curr Dev Nutr. 2023 Jan 27;7(3):100031. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100031. eCollection 2023 Mar.

DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100031

PMID:37181932

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10111602/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Dynamics of the anemia burden among Indian adolescents are poorly understood because of a lack of population-based longitudinal data.

OBJECTIVES

To examine the burden of anemia among never-married adolescents aged 10-19 y from the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India, and a wide range of predictors of its incidence and remission.

METHODS

A sample of 3279 adolescents (male: 1787 and female: 1492) aged 10-19 y were included from baseline (2015-2016) and follow-up (2018-2019) surveys of the UDAYA (Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults) project in India. In 2018-2019, all new cases of anemia were considered as incidence, whereas a return to the nonanemic status from being anemic in 2015-2016 was considered remission. Univariate and multivariable modified Poisson regression models with robust error variance were deployed to attain the study objective.

RESULTS

The crude prevalence of anemia among males decreased from 33.9% (95% CI: 30.7%-37.3%) in 2015-2016 to 31.6% (95% CI: 28.6%-34.7%) in 2018-2019 but increased among females from 57.7% (95% CI: 53.5%-61.7%) in 2015-2016 to 63.8% (95% CI: 59.9%-67.5%) in 2018-2019. Anemia incidence was estimated to be 33.7% (95% CI: 30.3%-37.2%), whereas nearly 38.5% (95% CI: 35.1%-42.1%) of adolescents experienced remission of anemia. Older adolescents (aged 15-19 y) were less likely to experience anemia incidence. Consumption of eggs daily or weekly was negatively associated with anemia incidence compared with occasional or never consumption. Females had a higher risk of experiencing an incidence of anemia and decreased risk of experiencing anemia remission. The likelihood of adolescents experiencing anemia increased with an increased patient health questionnaire score. Household size was also associated with an increased risk of anemia incidence.

CONCLUSIONS

Interventions that are sensitive to socio-demographic factors and encouraging access to mental health services and nutritious food consumption could be helpful in further anemia mitigation.

摘要

背景

由于缺乏基于人群的纵向数据，对印度青少年贫血负担的动态变化了解甚少。

目的

研究印度比哈尔邦和北方邦10至19岁未婚青少年的贫血负担，以及其发病和缓解的多种预测因素。

方法

纳入了来自印度UDAYA（了解青少年和青年生活）项目基线调查（2015 - 2016年）和随访调查（2018 - 2019年）的3279名10至19岁青少年（男性1787名，女性1492名）。在2018 - 2019年，所有新的贫血病例被视为发病，而从2015 - 2016年的贫血状态恢复到非贫血状态被视为缓解。采用具有稳健误差方差的单变量和多变量修正泊松回归模型来实现研究目标。

结果

男性贫血的粗患病率从2015 - 2016年的33.9%（95%置信区间：30.7% - 37.3%）降至2018 - 2019年的31.6%（95%置信区间：28.6% - 34.7%），但女性从2015 - 2016年的57.7%（95%置信区间：53.5% - 61.7%）升至2018 - 2019年的63.8%（95%置信区间：59.9% - 67.5%）。贫血发病率估计为33.7%（95%置信区间：30.3% - 37.2%），而近38.5%（95%置信区间：35.1% - 42.1%）的青少年经历了贫血缓解。年龄较大的青少年（15 - 19岁）发生贫血的可能性较小。与偶尔或从不食用相比，每天或每周食用鸡蛋与贫血发病率呈负相关。女性发生贫血的风险较高，而贫血缓解的风险较低。青少年发生贫血的可能性随着患者健康问卷得分的增加而增加。家庭规模也与贫血发病率增加的风险相关。