Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China; National Engineering Research Center for Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development, Guangzhou 510075, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Aug 20;887:164144. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164144. Epub 2023 May 13.
Small playgrounds situated within residential communities are popular recreational areas. However, heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in soil or equipment dust may pose a public health risk. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the health risk associated with HMs exposure at residential playgrounds in cities, a field that has not been thoroughly investigated previously. 70 soil and 70 equipment dust samples were collected from 30 urban and 40 suburban playgrounds in Beijing. Results indicated significant enrichment of Cu, As, and Ni in the soil with Enrichment Factors (EFs) >5 from both anthropogenic and lithogenic sources. Correlation analyses showed that the levels of Be, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni in soil and Be, Mn, As, Cd in dust were positively correlated with the distance to the nearest highway, with p-values < 0.01. Enrichment and correlation analyses contributed to a better understanding of the sources and transport pathways of HMs in urban environment. Based on a site-specific Conceptual Site Model (CSM), the carcinogenic risks (CRs) and Hazard Quotients (HQs) were quantified for residents as the ratio of HMs exposure to reference doses. Risk assessment indicated the mean predicted CR for children and adults exposed to soil was 3.75 × 10 and 5.29 × 10, respectively, while that at dust exposure scenarios was lower, at 2.47 × 10 and 3.49 × 10, respectively, all of which were at the upper end of U.S. EPA's acceptable criteria of 1 × 10 to 1 × 10. Among the HMs, As and Ni were identified as the priority control contaminants due to significant contribution to CRs. Furthermore, the spatial distribution revealed an increasing trend in health risk from the urban center to the suburbs. This study emphasizes the need for effective measures to mitigate potential health risk and enhance the safety of recreational areas, particularly for susceptible individuals.
小型社区内的游乐场是受欢迎的娱乐区。然而，土壤或设备灰尘中的重金属（loid）可能会对公众健康构成威胁。本研究全面评估了城市住宅游乐场中重金属暴露相关的健康风险，这是一个以前未得到充分研究的领域。本研究从北京市 30 个城区和 40 个郊区的游乐场中采集了 70 个土壤和 70 个设备灰尘样本。结果表明，土壤中 Cu、As 和 Ni 的含量显著富集，人为和岩石源的富集因子（EF）均大于 5。相关分析表明，土壤中 Be、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni 以及灰尘中 Be、Mn、As、Cd 的水平与距最近高速公路的距离呈正相关，p 值均小于 0.01。富集和相关分析有助于更好地了解城市环境中重金属的来源和迁移途径。基于特定地点的概念性场地模型（CSM），通过将重金属暴露量与参考剂量进行比较，量化了居民的致癌风险（CR）和危害系数（HQ）。风险评估表明，儿童和成人暴露于土壤中的平均预测 CR 分别为 3.75×10 和 5.29×10，而暴露于灰尘中的 CR 较低，分别为 2.47×10 和 3.49×10，均位于美国环保局可接受标准的上限 1×10 至 1×10 之间。在重金属中，As 和 Ni 被确定为优先控制污染物，因为它们对 CR 有显著贡献。此外，空间分布显示，从城市中心到郊区，健康风险呈上升趋势。本研究强调了需要采取有效措施来减轻潜在的健康风险，提高娱乐区的安全性，特别是对易感人群。
