Rudick R A, Schiffer R B, Schwetz K M, Herndon R M
Arch Neurol. 1986 Jun;43(6):578-83. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1986.00520060042015.
Various neurologic disorders may be diagnosed incorrectly as multiple sclerosis (MS) since there is no test that is entirely specific for the disease. We report ten patients who met clinical criteria for probable or definite MS and who were given incorrect diagnoses. All of the patients were subsequently shown to have alternative diagnoses, three of which were directly treatable. From these illustrative cases, five characteristics were identified that alerted us to the possibility of an alternative diagnosis. We have called these characteristics "red flags," and suggest that they may be useful as features casting doubt on the diagnosis of MS if used judiciously in conjunction with clinical diagnostic criteria.
由于没有完全针对多发性硬化症（MS）的特异性检查，各种神经系统疾病可能被误诊为MS。我们报告了10例符合可能或确诊MS临床标准但被误诊的患者。所有患者随后均被证实患有其他疾病，其中3种疾病可直接治疗。从这些典型病例中，我们确定了5个特征，这些特征提醒我们存在其他诊断的可能性。我们将这些特征称为“红旗”，并建议如果与临床诊断标准一起谨慎使用，它们可能有助于对MS诊断产生怀疑。
