Sharma Kajal, Puranik Nidhi, Yadav Dhananjay
School of Sciences in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Department of Bio-logical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, India.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2024;24(5):531-540. doi: 10.2174/1871530323666230512121416.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder that occurs due to the loss, or impaired function of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells, which are of two types - type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D). To cure DM, the replacement of the destroyed pancreatic beta cells of islet of Langerhans is the most widely practiced treatment. For this, isolating neuronal stem cells and cultivating them as a source of renewable beta cells is a significant breakthrough in medicine. The functions, growth, and gene expression of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells and neurons are very similar in many ways. A diabetic patient's neural stem cells (obtained from the hippocampus and olfactory bulb) can be used as a replacement source of beta cells for regenerative therapy to treat diabetes. The same protocol used to create functional neurons from progenitor cells can be used to create beta cells. Recent research suggests that replacing lost pancreatic beta cells with autologous transplantation of insulin-producing neural progenitor cells may be a perfect therapeutic strategy for diabetes, allowing for a safe and normal restoration of function and a reduction in potential risks and a long-term cure.
糖尿病（DM）是最常见的代谢紊乱疾病，它是由于分泌胰岛素的胰腺β细胞丢失或功能受损所致，胰腺β细胞有两种类型——1型（T1D）和2型（T2D）。为了治愈糖尿病，替换受损的胰岛β细胞是最广泛应用的治疗方法。为此，分离神经干细胞并将其培养成可再生β细胞的来源是医学上的一项重大突破。产生胰岛素的胰腺β细胞和神经元在功能、生长和基因表达方面在很多方面非常相似。糖尿病患者的神经干细胞（从海马体和嗅球获取）可作为β细胞的替代来源用于再生治疗以治疗糖尿病。用于从祖细胞产生功能性神经元的相同方案可用于产生β细胞。最近的研究表明，用产生胰岛素的神经祖细胞自体移植来替代丢失的胰腺β细胞可能是治疗糖尿病的完美治疗策略，可实现功能的安全正常恢复，降低潜在风险并实现长期治愈。
