Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (Lipronat), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos, Cdad. de Guatemala, 01002, Guatemala.
Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Farmaya, Guatemala.
Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2024;27(4):555-561. doi: 10.2174/1386207326666230512124457.
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a plant from the Lamiaceae family that has been used as ancestral food, medicine, and oil, with culinary, artistic, and religious purposes by most of the Mesoamerican civilizations. Native from Mesoamerica, introduced into South America, Australia, and Europe, it is presently consumed as a nutritional and functional food.
This research aims to characterize ancient native cultivars from four provenances in Guatemala to recommend their direct consumption by the population as well as to establish its trade.
Seed samples were collected in four places where they have been cultivated for several generations. The oil was obtained by expression and analyzed chemically by gas chromatography following standard qualitative and quantitative methods.
Variations in oil yield and some of the characteristic parameters of the phytochemical analysis were obtained. In general, the profile was similar to most of the reported data in the literature, with the saturated fatty acids (8.54-9.25%) relatively lower than the references (7.95-11.45%) but a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty oils, particularly of omega-3 (64.68-68.62%).
The oil from native cultivars contains high quantities of omega-3, which might help pregnant women during gestation and to control other conditions such as metabolic syndrome, particularly in low- and middle-income populations where these seeds are consumed regularly. The suggestion is made to encourage the cultivation and use of these ancestral seeds with the possibility of commercialization abroad with an appellation of origin label.
奇亚（Salvia hispanica L.）是唇形科植物，曾被中美洲的大多数文明用作祖传食物、药物和油，具有烹饪、艺术和宗教用途。奇亚原产于中美洲，后传入南美洲、澳大利亚和欧洲，目前被作为一种营养和功能性食品食用。
本研究旨在对危地马拉四个起源地的古老本地品种进行鉴定，以推荐其直接供民众食用并进行贸易。
在四个已种植了几代的地方收集种子样本。采用压榨法提取油，并按照标准的定性和定量方法通过气相色谱法进行化学分析。
得出了产油量和一些植物化学分析特征参数的变化。总的来说，该油的成分与文献中大多数报道的数据相似，其饱和脂肪酸（8.54-9.25%）相对较低（7.95-11.45%），但不饱和脂肪酸，尤其是ω-3（64.68-68.62%）的含量较高。
本地品种的油含有大量的ω-3，这可能有助于孕妇在怀孕期间控制其他情况，如代谢综合征，特别是在经常食用这些种子的中低收入人群中。建议鼓励种植和使用这些祖传种子，并有可能以原产地标签进行国外商业化。
