Division de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación LGII, México City, México.
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2023 Aug 1;211(8):585-591. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001663. Epub 2023 May 12.
Depression and anxiety are common complications after stroke and little is known about the modulatory roles of education and age. Our study aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of education level on anxiety and depression after stroke and their effect on each age group. Adults with first stroke took part in this cross-sectional observational clinical study. We used the following instruments: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Montreal Cognitive Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Barthel index, and Functional Independence Measure. There were 89 patients. The mean (SD) age was 58.01 (13) years, mean (SD) years of education was 9.91 (5.22), 55.1% presented depression symptoms and 47.2% anxiety symptoms, 56.2% were young adults and 43.8% were older adults. We identified a negative association between education and anxiety score ( r = -0. 269, p = 0.011) and depression score ( r = -0.252, p = 0.017). In the linear regression analysis, we found that education is negatively associated with HADS, but this influence was more consistent in young adults. In conclusion, a higher education level reduces the risk of depression and anxiety, but their effect is less consistent in older adults.
抑郁和焦虑是中风后的常见并发症，但人们对教育程度和年龄的调节作用知之甚少。我们的研究旨在评估教育程度对中风后焦虑和抑郁的调节作用及其对各年龄组的影响。首次中风的成年人参与了这项横断面观察性临床研究。我们使用了以下工具：医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）、蒙特利尔认知量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、巴氏指数和功能独立性测量。共有 89 名患者。平均（SD）年龄为 58.01（13）岁，平均（SD）受教育年限为 9.91（5.22）年，55.1%有抑郁症状，47.2%有焦虑症状，56.2%为青年成年人，43.8%为老年成年人。我们发现教育程度与焦虑评分（r = -0.269，p = 0.011）和抑郁评分（r = -0.252，p = 0.017）呈负相关。在线性回归分析中，我们发现教育程度与 HADS 呈负相关，但这种影响在青年成年人中更为一致。总之，较高的教育程度降低了抑郁和焦虑的风险，但在老年成年人中其效果不太一致。
