School of Economics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang City, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
Research Centre of Big-Data Corpus & Language Projects, School of Foreign Languages, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang City, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jun;30(29):73254-73270. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27499-9. Epub 2023 May 15.
The construction of National Industrial Relocation Demonstration Zones (NIRDZ) is important for China's industrial transfer, but its environmental influence cannot be neglected. This study explores the environmental effects of industrial transfers by studying China's NIRDZ. By employing panel data of 284 cities in China between 2005 and 2019, we compare environmental quality changes over time in areas with and without demonstration zones based on the staggered difference-in-differences (DD) technique. The results demonstrate a 0.032 increase in the environmental quality level of industrial receivers after the implementation of demonstration zones. The effect of demonstration zones on environmental improvement is moderated by natural resources, capital accumulation, and technological innovation capabilities. This impact is more fully realized in cities with resource-based, low-capital accumulation, and high-tech innovation but is not statistically significant difference at various levels of human resources. The environmental improvement effect of the NIRDZ is powerful in central cities and small- and medium-sized cities instead of western regions and large-scale cities. Additionally, mediation analysis is adopted to assess the potential mechanism between the association of NIRDZ and the environment. The demonstration area negatively affects environmental quality through the economic scale effect while improving environmental quality through the technological innovation effect. We provide empirical evidence that the NIRDZ is positively correlated with the environment and identify the technology effect as one underlying driver of this correlation to help developing countries address its detrimental impacts.
国家工业转移示范园区（NIRDZ）的建设对中国的产业转移至关重要，但不能忽视其对环境的影响。本研究通过研究中国的 NIRDZ 来探讨产业转移的环境影响。本文利用 2005 年至 2019 年中国 284 个城市的面板数据，采用双重差分法（DID）比较了有无示范园区的地区的环境质量变化情况。结果表明，示范园区实施后，产业接收地区的环境质量水平提高了 0.032。示范园区对环境改善的影响受到自然资源、资本积累和技术创新能力的调节。在资源型、资本积累低、高科技创新能力高的城市中，这种影响得到了更充分的体现，但在人力资源的各个层次上并没有显著的差异。NIRDZ 的环境改善效应在中心城市和中小城市中更为明显，而在西部地区和大城市中则不明显。此外，还采用中介分析来评估 NIRDZ 与环境之间关联的潜在机制。示范园区通过经济规模效应对环境质量产生负面影响，而通过技术创新效应提高环境质量。我们提供了实证证据，表明 NIRDZ 与环境呈正相关，并确定技术效应是这种相关性的一个潜在驱动因素，这有助于发展中国家应对其不利影响。
