Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India.
School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Biosensors (Basel). 2023 Mar 25;13(4):420. doi: 10.3390/bios13040420.
Environmental toxic pollutants and pathogens that enter the ecosystem are major global issues. Detection of these toxic chemicals/pollutants and the diagnosis of a disease is a first step in efficiently controlling their contamination and spread, respectively. Various analytical techniques are available to detect and determine toxic chemicals/pathogens, including liquid chromatography, HPLC, mass spectroscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. However, these sensing strategies have some drawbacks such as tedious sample pretreatment and preparation, the requirement for skilled technicians, and dependence on large laboratory-based instruments. Alternatively, biosensors, especially paper-based sensors, could be used extensively and are a cost-effective alternative to conventional laboratory testing. They can improve accessibility to testing to identify chemicals and pollutants, especially in developing countries. Due to its low cost, abundance, easy disposal (by incineration, for example) and biocompatible nature, paper is considered a versatile material for the development of environmentally friendly electrochemical/optical (bio) sensor devices. This review presents an overview of sensing platforms constructed from paper, pointing out the main merits and demerits of paper-based sensing systems, their fabrication techniques, and the different optical/electrochemical detection techniques that they exploit.
进入生态系统的环境有毒污染物和病原体是全球性的主要问题。检测这些有毒化学物质/污染物和诊断疾病是分别有效控制其污染和传播的第一步。有多种分析技术可用于检测和确定有毒化学物质/病原体，包括液相色谱、HPLC、质谱和酶联免疫吸附测定。然而，这些传感策略存在一些缺点，例如繁琐的样品预处理和准备、对技术人员的要求以及对大型基于实验室的仪器的依赖。相比之下，生物传感器，特别是基于纸张的传感器，可以得到广泛应用，是传统实验室测试的一种具有成本效益的替代方法。它们可以提高对化学物质和污染物进行测试的可及性，特别是在发展中国家。由于其成本低、丰富、易于处理（例如通过焚烧）和生物相容性，纸被认为是开发环保电化学/光学（生物）传感器设备的多功能材料。本文综述了由纸张构建的传感平台，指出了基于纸张的传感系统的主要优点和缺点、它们的制造技术以及它们所利用的不同光学/电化学检测技术。
