Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, St. 67 No. 53-108, Medellín 050021, Colombia.
Biosensors (Basel). 2018 Mar 24;8(2):29. doi: 10.3390/bios8020029.
The increasing environmental pollution with particular reference to emerging contaminants, toxic heavy elements, and other hazardous agents is a serious concern worldwide. Considering this global issue, there is an urgent need to design and develop strategic measuring techniques with higher efficacy and precision to detect a broader spectrum of numerous contaminants. The development of precise instruments can further help in real-time and in-process monitoring of the generation and release of environmental pollutants from different industrial sectors. Moreover, real-time monitoring can also reduce the excessive consumption of several harsh chemicals and reagents with an added advantage of on-site determination of contaminant composition prior to discharge into the environment. With key scientific advances, electrochemical biosensors have gained considerable attention to solve this problem. Electrochemical biosensors can be an excellent fit as an analytical tool for monitoring programs to implement legislation. Herein, we reviewed the current trends in the use of electrochemical biosensors as novel tools to detect various contaminant types including toxic heavy elements. A particular emphasis was given to screen-printed electrodes, nanowire sensors, and paper-based biosensors and their role in the pollution detection processes. Towards the end, the work is wrapped up with concluding remarks and future perspectives. In summary, electrochemical biosensors and related areas such as bioelectronics, and (bio)-nanotechnology seem to be growing areas that will have a marked influence on the development of new bio-sensing strategies in future studies.
特别提到的新兴污染物、有毒重金属元素和其他有害剂，环境污染的日益加剧是一个全球性的严重问题。考虑到这个全球性问题，迫切需要设计和开发具有更高疗效和精度的战略测量技术，以检测更广泛的多种污染物。精密仪器的发展可以进一步帮助实时和过程监测不同工业部门产生和释放的环境污染物。此外，实时监测还可以减少对多种苛刻化学品和试剂的过度消耗，并在排放到环境之前具有现场确定污染物成分的额外优势。随着关键科学的进步，电化学生物传感器已经引起了相当大的关注，以解决这个问题。电化学生物传感器可以作为监测方案的分析工具，作为实施立法的一个很好的选择。在此，我们综述了电化学生物传感器作为检测各种污染物类型（包括有毒重金属元素）的新型工具的最新应用趋势。特别强调了丝网印刷电极、纳米线传感器和基于纸张的生物传感器，以及它们在污染检测过程中的作用。最后，以结论和未来展望结束。总之，电化学生物传感器以及相关领域，如生物电子学和（生物）纳米技术，似乎是正在发展的领域，它们将对未来研究中新型生物传感策略的发展产生显著影响。
