Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2023 Apr 11;13(4):469. doi: 10.3390/bios13040469.
Transistor-based biochemical sensors feature easy integration with electronic circuits and non-invasive real-time detection. They have been widely used in intelligent wearable devices, electronic skins, and biological analyses and have shown broad application prospects in intelligent medical detection. Field-effect transistor (FET) sensors have high sensitivity, reasonable specificity, rapid response, and portability and provide unique signal amplification during biochemical detection. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) sensors are lightweight, flexible, foldable, and biocompatible with wearable devices. Organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) sensors convert biological signals in body fluids into electrical signals for artificial intelligence analysis. In addition to biochemical markers in body fluids, electrophysiology indicators such as electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and body temperature can also cause changes in the current or voltage of transistor-based biochemical sensors. When modified with sensitive substances, sensors can detect specific analytes, improve sensitivity, broaden the detection range, and reduce the limit of detection (LoD). In this review, we introduce three kinds of transistor-based biochemical sensors: FET, OFET, and OECT. We also discuss the fabrication processes for transistor sources, drains, and gates. Furthermore, we demonstrated three sensor types for body fluid biomarkers, electrophysiology signals, and development trends. Transistor-based biochemical sensors exhibit excellent potential in multi-mode intelligent analysis and are good candidates for the next generation of intelligent point-of-care testing (iPOCT).
基于晶体管的生化传感器具有与电子电路易于集成和非侵入式实时检测的特点。它们已广泛应用于智能可穿戴设备、电子皮肤以及生物分析中，并在智能医疗检测中显示出广阔的应用前景。场效应晶体管 (FET) 传感器具有灵敏度高、特异性合理、响应迅速和便携性等特点，并在生化检测中提供独特的信号放大。有机场效应晶体管 (OFET) 传感器重量轻、灵活、可折叠且与可穿戴设备兼容。有机电化学晶体管 (OECT) 传感器将体液中的生物信号转换为电信号，用于人工智能分析。除了体液中的生化标志物外，心电图 (ECG) 信号和体温等电生理学指标也会引起基于晶体管的生化传感器电流或电压的变化。当用敏感物质修饰时，传感器可以检测特定的分析物，提高灵敏度，拓宽检测范围，降低检测限 (LoD)。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了三种基于晶体管的生化传感器：FET、OFET 和 OECT。我们还讨论了晶体管源极、漏极和栅极的制造工艺。此外，我们展示了三种用于体液生物标志物、电生理学信号的传感器类型以及发展趋势。基于晶体管的生化传感器在多模式智能分析中表现出优异的潜力，是下一代智能即时检测 (iPOCT) 的良好候选者。
