Qudus Muhammad Suhaib, Tian Mingfu, Sirajuddin Summan, Liu Siyu, Afaq Uzair, Wali Muneeba, Liu Jinbiao, Pan Pan, Luo Zhen, Zhang Qiwei, Yang Ge, Wan Pin, Li Yongkui, Wu Jianguo
State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
J Med Virol. 2023 Apr;95(4):e28751. doi: 10.1002/jmv.28751.
In patients with severe COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and even mortality can result from cytokine storm, which is a hyperinflammatory medical condition caused by the excessive and uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. High levels of numerous crucial pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-induced protein 10 kDa, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and IL-10 and so on, have been found in severe COVID-19. They participate in cascade amplification pathways of pro-inflammatory responses through complex inflammatory networks. Here, we review the involvements of these critical inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 infection and discuss their potential roles in triggering or regulating cytokine storm, which can help to understand the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. So far, there is rarely effective therapeutic strategy for patients with cytokine storm besides using glucocorticoids, which is proved to result in fatal side effects. Clarifying the roles of key involved cytokines in the complex inflammatory network of cytokine storm will help to develop an ideal therapeutic intervention, such as neutralizing antibody of certain cytokine or inhibitor of some inflammatory signal pathways.
在重症新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者中，细胞因子风暴可导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）、多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS），甚至死亡。细胞因子风暴是一种由促炎细胞因子过度且不受控制地释放所引起的高度炎症性病症。在重症COVID-19患者中已发现多种关键促炎细胞因子水平升高，如白细胞介素-1（IL-1）、IL-2、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α、干扰素（IFN）-γ、IFN诱导蛋白10 kDa、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1以及IL-10等。它们通过复杂的炎症网络参与促炎反应的级联放大途径。在此，我们综述这些关键炎症细胞因子在严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染中的作用，并讨论它们在引发或调节细胞因子风暴中的潜在作用，这有助于理解重症COVID-19的发病机制。到目前为止，除了使用糖皮质激素外，对于细胞因子风暴患者几乎没有有效的治疗策略，而糖皮质激素已被证明会导致致命的副作用。阐明关键相关细胞因子在细胞因子风暴复杂炎症网络中的作用，将有助于开发理想的治疗干预措施，如某些细胞因子的中和抗体或一些炎症信号通路的抑制剂。
