Neuroscience (NEUROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, NeuroVitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 # 63C 69, Bogotá, Colombia.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2023 May 15;23(1):216. doi: 10.1186/s12886-023-02863-y.
To describe the ocular features of a cohort of children with Down Syndrome (DS) in Bogotá, Colombia.
We performed a cross-sectional study, evaluating 67 children with DS. A pediatric ophthalmologist performed a complete optometric and ophthalmological evaluation of each child, including visual acuity, ocular alignment, external eye examination, biomicroscopy, auto-refractometry, retinoscope in cycloplegia, and fundus examination. Results were reported as frequency distribution tables with percentages for categorical variables and means and standard deviation or median and interquartile ranges for continuous variables, according to their distribution. We used the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis for continuous variables when indicated.
A total of 134 eyes from 67 children were evaluated. Males represented 50.7%. The children's age ranged from 8-16 years, with a mean of 12.3 (SD 2.30). The most frequent refractive diagnosis per eye was hyperopia (47%), followed by myopia (32.1%) and mixed astigmatism (18.7%). The most frequent ocular manifestations were oblique fissure (89.6%), followed by amblyopia (54.5%) and lens opacity (39.4%). Female sex was associated with strabismus (P = 0.009) and amblyopia (P = 0.048).
Our cohort had a high prevalence of disregarded ophthalmological manifestations. Some of these manifestations, such as amblyopia, can be irreversible and severely affect the neurodevelopment of DS children. Therefore, ophthalmologists and optometrists should be aware of the visual and ocular affection of children with DS to assess and provide appropriate management. This awareness could improve rehabilitation outcomes for these children.
描述哥伦比亚波哥大一群唐氏综合征（DS）患儿的眼部特征。
我们进行了一项横断面研究，评估了 67 名 DS 患儿。一名儿科眼科医生对每个孩子进行了全面的眼科和眼科评估，包括视力、眼球对齐、外眼检查、生物显微镜检查、自动折射仪、睫状肌麻痹下视网膜镜检查和眼底检查。结果以分类变量的频率分布表和百分比、连续变量的均值和标准差或中位数和四分位距表示，具体取决于其分布。我们使用卡方检验或 Fisher 精确检验进行分类变量，使用方差分析或 Kruskal-Wallis 检验进行连续变量（如果需要）。
共评估了 67 名儿童的 134 只眼。男性占 50.7%。儿童年龄为 8-16 岁，平均年龄为 12.3（SD 2.30）。每只眼最常见的屈光诊断是远视（47%），其次是近视（32.1%）和混合性散光（18.7%）。最常见的眼部表现是斜裂（89.6%），其次是弱视（54.5%）和晶状体混浊（39.4%）。女性与斜视（P=0.009）和弱视（P=0.048）有关。
我们的队列中存在高度被忽视的眼部表现。这些表现中的一些，如弱视，可能是不可逆的，会严重影响 DS 儿童的神经发育。因此，眼科医生和验光师应该意识到 DS 儿童的视力和眼部问题，以便进行评估和提供适当的管理。这种意识可以改善这些儿童的康复效果。
