新加坡华裔儿童屈光不正的患病率：新加坡儿童斜视、弱视和屈光不正研究（STARS）。
Prevalence of refractive error in Singaporean Chinese children: the strabismus, amblyopia, and refractive error in young Singaporean Children (STARS) study.
机构信息
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
出版信息
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Mar;51(3):1348-55. doi: 10.1167/iovs.09-3587. Epub 2009 Nov 20.
PURPOSE
To determine the prevalence of refractive error types in Singaporean Chinese children aged 6 to 72 months.
METHODS
The Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive Error in Singaporean Children (STARS) is a population-based study in southwest Singapore. Door-to-door recruitment of participants was used, with disproportionate random sampling in 6-month increments. Parental questionnaires were administered. Participant eye examinations included logMAR visual acuity, cycloplegic autorefraction, and ocular biometry. Overall and age-specific prevalences of myopia (spherical equivalence [SE] <or= -0.50 D), high myopia (SE <or= -6.00 D), hyperopia (SE >or= +3.00 D), astigmatism (cylinder >or= +1.50 D), and anisometropia (SE difference between each eye >or=2.00 D) were calculated.
RESULTS
A total of 3009 children were examined (participation rate, 72.3%). Right eye (OD) cycloplegia data were available for 1375 boys and 1264 girls (mean age, 41 months). Mean OD SE was +0.69 D (SD 1.15). Overall myopia prevalence was 11.0% with no variance between the sexes (P = 0.91). The prevalence of high myopia (at least -6.00 D) was 0.2%. The prevalences of hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia were 1.4%, 8.6%, and 0.6%, respectively. Most astigmatism (>95%) was with-the-rule (cylinder axes between 1 degrees and 15 degrees or 165 degrees and 180 degrees ). Myopia was present in 15.8%, 14.9%, 20.2%, 8.6%, 7.6%, and 6.4% of children aged 6 to 11, 12 to 23, 24 to 35, 36 to 47, 48 to 59, and 60 to 72 months, respectively. Prevalence increased with age for astigmatism (P < 0.001), but not for hyperopia or anisometropia (P = 0.55 and P = 0.37), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalences of myopia and astigmatism in young Singaporean Chinese children are high, but that of hyperopia is low. Age effects were observed for each refractive error category, but differences between the sexes were not significant. Age-related variation in myopia prevalence may be influenced by ocular development, environment, and/or testability.
目的
确定新加坡华裔儿童 6 至 72 个月龄的屈光不正类型的流行率。
方法
斜视、弱视和新加坡儿童的屈光不正（STARS）是新加坡西南部的一项基于人群的研究。使用门到门招募参与者，并以每 6 个月不等的比例进行随机抽样。对父母进行问卷调查。参与者的眼部检查包括 logMAR 视力、睫状肌麻痹自动折射和眼生物测量。计算近视（等效球镜 [SE] <or= -0.50 D）、高度近视（SE <or= -6.00 D）、远视（SE >or= +3.00 D）、散光（柱镜 >or= +1.50 D）和屈光参差（每只眼的 SE 差异 >or=2.00 D）的总患病率和年龄特异性患病率。
结果
共检查了 3009 名儿童（参与率为 72.3%）。1375 名男孩和 1264 名女孩的右眼（OD）睫状肌麻痹数据可用（平均年龄 41 个月）。OD SE 的平均值为+0.69 D（SD 1.15）。总近视患病率为 11.0%，性别间无差异（P = 0.91）。高度近视（至少 -6.00 D）的患病率为 0.2%。远视、散光和屈光参差的患病率分别为 1.4%、8.6%和 0.6%。超过 95%的散光为顺规散光（柱镜轴介于 1 度至 15 度或 165 度至 180 度之间）。6 至 11 个月、12 至 23 个月、24 至 35 个月、36 至 47 个月、48 至 59 个月和 60 至 72 个月龄的儿童中，近视的患病率分别为 15.8%、14.9%、20.2%、8.6%、7.6%和 6.4%。散光的患病率随年龄增长而增加（P < 0.001），但远视或屈光参差的患病率则没有增加（P = 0.55 和 P = 0.37）。
结论
新加坡华裔幼儿的近视和散光患病率较高，但远视患病率较低。每个屈光不正类别都观察到年龄效应，但性别之间没有显著差异。近视患病率的性别差异可能受到眼发育、环境和/或可测试性的影响。
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