Babu Balaashwin, Pawar Shreya, Mittal Agastya, Kolanthai Elayaraja, Neal Craig J, Coathup Melanie, Seal Sudipta
Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2023 Sep-Oct;15(5):e1896. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1896. Epub 2023 May 16.
Interest in space exploration has seen substantial growth following recent launch and operation of modern space technologies. In particular, the possibility of travel beyond low earth orbit is seeing sustained support. However, future deep space travel requires addressing health concerns for crews under continuous, longer-term exposure to adverse environmental conditions. Among these challenges, radiation-induced health issues are a major concern. Their potential to induce chronic illness is further potentiated by the microgravity environment. While investigations into the physiological effects of space radiation are still under investigation, studies on model ionizing radiation conditions, in earth and micro-gravity conditions, can provide needed insight into relevant processes. Substantial formation of high, sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) evolution during radiation exposure is a clear threat to physiological health of space travelers, producing indirect damage to various cell structures and requiring therapeutic address. Radioprotection toward the skeletal system components is essential to astronaut health, due to the high radio-absorption cross-section of bone mineral and local hematopoiesis. Nanotechnology can potentially function as radioprotectant and radiomitigating agents toward ROS and direct radiation damage. Nanoparticle compositions such as gold, silver, platinum, carbon-based materials, silica, transition metal dichalcogenides, and ceria have all shown potential as viable radioprotectants to mitigate space radiation effects with nanoceria further showing the ability to protect genetic material from oxidative damage in several studies. As research into space radiation-induced health problems develops, this review intends to provide insights into the nanomaterial design to ameliorate pathological effects from ionizing radiation exposure. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
随着现代太空技术最近的发射和运行，对太空探索的兴趣大幅增长。特别是，超越低地球轨道的旅行可能性得到了持续支持。然而，未来的深空旅行需要解决长期持续暴露于不利环境条件下的宇航员的健康问题。在这些挑战中，辐射引起的健康问题是一个主要关注点。微重力环境进一步加剧了它们诱发慢性病的可能性。虽然对太空辐射生理效应的研究仍在进行中，但在地球和微重力条件下对模拟电离辐射条件的研究可以为相关过程提供所需的见解。辐射暴露期间大量形成高浓度、持续的活性氧（ROS）是对太空旅行者生理健康的明显威胁，会对各种细胞结构造成间接损害，需要进行治疗。由于骨矿物质的高辐射吸收截面和局部造血作用，对骨骼系统成分的辐射防护对宇航员健康至关重要。纳米技术有可能作为针对ROS和直接辐射损伤的辐射防护剂和辐射缓解剂发挥作用。金、银、铂、碳基材料、二氧化硅、过渡金属二硫属化物和二氧化铈等纳米颗粒组合物都显示出作为可行的辐射防护剂减轻太空辐射影响的潜力，在多项研究中，纳米氧化铈进一步显示出保护遗传物质免受氧化损伤的能力。随着对太空辐射引起的健康问题研究的发展，本综述旨在提供有关纳米材料设计的见解，以改善电离辐射暴露的病理效应。本文分类如下：治疗方法与药物发现>新兴技术；纳米技术在生物学中的应用>生物学中的纳米尺度系统；纳米技术在生物学中的应用>纳米尺度的细胞；治疗方法与药物发现>肿瘤疾病的纳米医学。
