École de psychologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada.
Cogn Emot. 2023 May-Jun;37(4):835-851. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2212892. Epub 2023 May 16.
According to the perceptual-attentional limitations hypothesis, the confusion between expressions of disgust and anger may be due to the difficulty in perceptually distinguishing the two, or insufficient attention to their distinctive cues. The objective of the current study was to test this hypothesis as an explanation for the confusion between expressions of disgust and anger in adults using eye-movements. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to identify each emotion in 96 trials composed of prototypes of anger and prototypes of disgust. In Experiment 2, fixation points oriented participants' attention toward the eyes, the nose, or the mouth of each prototype. Results revealed that disgust was less accurately recognised than anger (Experiment 1 and 2), especially when the mouth was open (Experiment 1 and 2), and even when attention was oriented toward the distinctive features of disgust (Experiment 2). Additionally, when attention was oriented toward certain zones, the eyes (which contain characteristics of anger) had the longest dwell times, followed by the nose (which contains characteristics of disgust; Experiment 2). Thus, although participants may attend to the distinguishing features of disgust and anger, these may not aid them in accurately recognising each prototype.
根据感知注意限制假说，厌恶和愤怒表情的混淆可能是由于难以在感知上区分这两种表情，或者对它们独特线索的关注不够。本研究的目的是通过眼动来检验这一假说，以解释成年人中厌恶和愤怒表情的混淆。在实验 1 中，参与者被要求在 96 次试验中识别愤怒和厌恶的原型。在实验 2 中，注视点将参与者的注意力引导到每个原型的眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴上。结果表明，厌恶的识别准确率低于愤怒（实验 1 和 2），尤其是当嘴巴张开时（实验 1 和 2），即使将注意力集中在厌恶的特征上（实验 2）也是如此。此外，当注意力集中在特定区域时，眼睛（包含愤怒特征）的注视时间最长，其次是鼻子（包含厌恶特征；实验 2）。因此，尽管参与者可能会注意到厌恶和愤怒的区别特征，但这些特征可能无助于他们准确识别每个原型。
