Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2660:311-344. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3163-8_22.
Organoids have emerged as a promising advancement of the two-dimensional (2D) culture systems to improve studies in organogenesis, drug discovery, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine applications. Organoids can self-organize as three-dimensional (3D) tissues derived from stem cells and patient tissues to resemble organs. This chapter presents growth strategies, molecular screening methods, and emerging issues of the organoid platforms. Single-cell and spatial analysis resolve organoid heterogeneity to obtain information about the structural and molecular cellular states. Culture media diversity and varying lab-to-lab practices have resulted in organoid-to-organoid variability in morphology and cell compositions. An essential resource is an organoid atlas that can catalog protocols and standardize data analysis for different organoid types. Molecular profiling of individual cells in organoids and data organization of the organoid landscape will impact biomedical applications from basic science to translational use.
类器官已成为二维（2D）培养系统的一项有前途的进展，可用于改善器官发生、药物发现、精准医学和再生医学应用的研究。类器官可以从干细胞和患者组织中自我组织成类似于器官的三维（3D）组织。本章介绍了类器官平台的生长策略、分子筛选方法和新出现的问题。单细胞和空间分析解决了类器官异质性问题，从而获得了有关结构和分子细胞状态的信息。培养基的多样性和实验室间的不同实践导致了形态和细胞组成上的类器官间变异性。一个重要的资源是类器官图谱，它可以对不同类型的类器官进行协议编目和标准化数据分析。对类器官中单个细胞的分子分析以及对类器官图谱的数据组织将影响从基础科学到转化应用的生物医学应用。
