Golkashani Hosein Aghayan, Ghorbani Shohreh, Leong Ruth L F, Ong Ju Lynn, Chee Michael W L
Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Sleep Adv. 2023 Apr 14;4(1):zpad019. doi: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad019. eCollection 2023.
Sleep contributes to declarative memory consolidation. Independently, schemas benefit memory. Here we investigated how sleep compared with active wake benefits schema consolidation 12 and 24 hours after initial learning.
Fifty-three adolescents (age: 15-19 years) randomly assigned into sleep and active wake groups participated in a schema-learning protocol based on transitive inference (i.e. If B > C and C > D then B > D). Participants were tested immediately after learning and following 12-, and 24-hour intervals of wake or sleep for both the adjacent (e.g. B-C, C-D; relational memory) and inference pairs: (e.g.: B-D, B-E, and C-E). Memory performance following the respective 12- and 24-hour intervals were analyzed using a mixed ANOVA with schema (schema, no-schema) as the within-participant factor, and condition (sleep, wake) as the between-participant factor.
Twelve hours after learning, there were significant main effects of condition (sleep, wake) and schema, as well as a significant interaction, whereby schema-related memory was significantly better in the sleep condition compared to wake. Higher sleep spindle density was most consistently associated with greater overnight schema-related memory benefit. After 24 hours, the memory advantage of initial sleep was diminished.
Overnight sleep preferentially benefits schema-related memory consolidation following initial learning compared with active wake, but this advantage may be eroded after a subsequent night of sleep. This is possibly due to delayed consolidation that might occur during subsequent sleep opportunities in the wake group.
Name: Investigating Preferred Nap Schedules for Adolescents (NFS5) URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04044885. Registration: NCT04044885.
睡眠有助于陈述性记忆巩固。模式独立地对记忆有益。在此，我们研究了与清醒状态相比，睡眠如何在初次学习后的12小时和24小时促进模式巩固。
53名青少年（年龄15 - 19岁）被随机分为睡眠组和清醒组，参与基于传递性推理的模式学习方案（即如果B > C且C > D，那么B > D）。参与者在学习后立即接受测试，并在清醒或睡眠12小时和24小时后，针对相邻对（例如B - C、C - D；关系记忆）和推理对（例如：B - D、B - E和C - E）进行测试。使用混合方差分析对12小时和24小时后的记忆表现进行分析，将模式（有模式、无模式）作为参与者内因素，条件（睡眠、清醒）作为参与者间因素。
学习后12小时，条件（睡眠、清醒）和模式均有显著主效应，以及显著交互作用，即与模式相关的记忆在睡眠条件下显著优于清醒条件。较高的睡眠纺锤波密度最一致地与夜间与模式相关的记忆益处更大相关。24小时后，初始睡眠的记忆优势减弱。
与清醒状态相比，夜间睡眠在初次学习后优先促进与模式相关的记忆巩固，但在随后一晚睡眠后这一优势可能会消失。这可能是由于清醒组在后续睡眠机会中可能发生的巩固延迟。
名称：青少年最佳午睡时间表研究（NFS5）网址：https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04044885。注册号：NCT04044885。
