Bauducco Serena V, Özdemir Metin, Gradisar Michael, Boersma Katja, Bayram-Özdemir Sevgi
Center for Health and Medical Psychology, Örebro University, Sweden.
Center for Lifespan Developmental Research, Örebro University, Sweden.
Sleep Adv. 2022 May 29;3(1):zpac018. doi: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac018. eCollection 2022.
We examined how adolescents' sleep patterns (i.e. insomnia symptoms and sleep duration) change from early- to mid-adolescence and whether adolescents follow different trajectories. Furthermore, we also examined the characteristics of adolescents within different trajectories, with a specific focus on the role of school-related stress.
We used three longitudinal waves of questionnaire data collected annually from a sample of Swedish adolescents ( = 1294; = 13.2 [range: 12-15 years], = .42; 46.8% girls). Using established measures, the students reported on their sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and perceived school-stress (including stress of school performance, peer and teacher relations, attendance, and school-leisure conflict). We used latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify adolescents' sleep trajectories, and the BCH method to describe the characteristics of the adolescents in each trajectory.
We found four trajectories for adolescents' insomnia symptoms; (1) low insomnia (69%), (2) low-increasing (17%, 'emerging risk-group'), (3) high-decreasing (9%), (4) high-increasing (5%; 'risk-group'). For sleep duration, we found two trajectories; (1) ~8 h sufficient-decreasing (85%), (2) ~7 h insufficient- decreasing (15%; 'risk-group'). Adolescents in risk-trajectories were more likely to be girls and consistently reported higher levels of school stress, particularly regarding school performance and attending school.
School stress was prominent among adolescents suffering from persistent sleep problems, especially insomnia, and deserves further attention.
我们研究了青少年的睡眠模式（即失眠症状和睡眠时间）从青春期早期到中期如何变化，以及青少年是否遵循不同的轨迹。此外，我们还研究了不同轨迹内青少年的特征，特别关注与学校相关压力的作用。
我们使用了从瑞典青少年样本（n = 1294；M = 13.2岁[范围：12 - 15岁]；SD = 0.42；46.8%为女孩）每年收集的三波纵向问卷数据。学生们使用既定的测量方法报告了他们的睡眠时间、失眠症状以及感知到的学校压力（包括学业成绩压力、同伴和师生关系、出勤情况以及学校与休闲的冲突）。我们使用潜在类别增长分析（LCGA）来识别青少年的睡眠轨迹，并使用BCH方法来描述每个轨迹中青少年的特征。
我们发现青少年失眠症状有四种轨迹；（1）低失眠（69%），（2）低增长（17%，“新兴风险组”），（3）高下降（9%），（4）高增长（5%；“风险组”）。对于睡眠时间，我们发现有两种轨迹；（1）约8小时充足 - 下降（85%），（2）约7小时不足 - 下降（15%；“风险组”）。处于风险轨迹的青少年更可能是女孩，并且一直报告较高水平的学校压力，特别是在学业成绩和上学方面。
学校压力在患有持续性睡眠问题（尤其是失眠）的青少年中很突出，值得进一步关注。
