iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
J Hazard Mater. 2023 Aug 5;455:131635. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131635. Epub 2023 May 12.
Current-use pesticides are ubiquitous in freshwaters globally, often at very low concentrations. Emerging aquatic insects can accumulate pesticides during their aquatic development, which can be retained through their metamorphosis into terrestrial adults. Emerging insects thus provide a potential, yet largely understudied linkage for exposure of terrestrial insectivores to waterborne pesticides. We measured 82 low to moderately lipophilic organic pesticides (logK: -2.87 to 6.9) in the aquatic environment, emerging insects and web-building riparian spiders from stream sites impacted by agricultural land use. Insecticides, mainly neuro-active neonicotinoids were ubiquitous and had the highest concentrations in emerging insects and spiders (∑ insecticides: 0.1-33 and 1-240 ng/g, respectively), although their concentrations in water were low, even when compared to global levels. Furthermore, neonicotinoids, although not considered to be bioaccumulative, were biomagnified in riparian spiders. In contrast, concentrations of fungicides and most herbicides decreased from the aquatic environment to the spiders. Our results provide evidence for the transfer and accumulation of neonicotinoids across the aquatic-terrestrial ecosystem boundary. This could threaten food webs in ecologically sensitive riparian areas worldwide.
目前在全球范围内，水体中普遍存在各种用途的农药，且浓度通常非常低。在水生发育过程中，新兴水生昆虫可以积累农药，这些农药可以在其变态为陆地成体的过程中保留下来。因此，新兴昆虫为接触水生农药的陆地食虫动物提供了一个潜在的、但尚未被充分研究的联系。我们测量了农业用地影响的溪流站点的水生环境、新兴昆虫和织网河岸蜘蛛中 82 种低到中等亲脂性有机农药（logK：-2.87 至 6.9）。杀虫剂，主要是神经活性新烟碱类农药，无处不在，在新兴昆虫和蜘蛛中的浓度最高（∑杀虫剂：分别为 0.1-33 和 1-240ng/g），尽管其在水中的浓度很低，即使与全球水平相比也是如此。此外，尽管新烟碱类农药不被认为是生物蓄积性的，但它们在河岸蜘蛛中具有生物放大作用。相比之下，杀菌剂和大多数除草剂的浓度从水生环境到蜘蛛中降低。我们的研究结果为新烟碱类农药在水生-陆地生态系统边界的转移和积累提供了证据。这可能会威胁到全世界生态敏感河岸地区的食物网。
