感染和接种人群中补体依赖性猴痘病毒中和抗体。

Complement-dependent mpox-virus-neutralizing antibodies in infected and vaccinated individuals.

机构信息

Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS UMR3569, 75015 Paris, France.

出版信息

Cell Host Microbe. 2023 Jun 14;31(6):937-948.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.001. Epub 2023 May 5.

DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.001

PMID:37196656

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10188274/

Abstract

Mpox virus (MPXV) caused a multi-country outbreak in non-endemic areas in 2022. Following historic success of smallpox vaccination with vaccinia virus (VACV)-based vaccines, the third generation modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-based vaccine was used as prophylaxis for MPXV, but its effectiveness remains poorly characterized. Here, we applied two assays to quantify neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in sera from control, MPXV-infected, or MVA-vaccinated individuals. Various levels of MVA NAbs were detected after infection, historic smallpox, or recent MVA vaccination. MPXV was minimally sensitive to neutralization. However, addition of complement enhanced detection of responsive individuals and NAb levels. Anti-MVA and -MPXV NAbs were observed in 94% and 82% of infected individuals, respectively, and 92% and 56% of MVA vaccinees, respectively. NAb titers were higher in individuals born before 1980, highlighting the impact of historic smallpox vaccination on humoral immunity. Altogether, our results indicate that MPXV neutralization is complement dependent and uncover mechanisms underlying vaccine effectiveness.

摘要

2022 年，猴痘病毒（MPXV）在非流行地区引发了多国疫情。继天花疫苗接种取得历史性成功后，第三代改良安卡拉痘苗（MVA）疫苗被用于预防 MPXV，但该疫苗的有效性仍未得到充分描述。在此，我们应用两种检测方法来定量分析来自对照、MPXV 感染或 MVA 接种个体血清中的中和抗体（NAb）。在感染、历史天花或最近 MVA 接种后，检测到不同水平的 MVA NAb。MPXV 对中和作用的敏感性很低。然而，添加补体增强了对有反应个体和 NAb 水平的检测。在感染个体中分别观察到 94%和 82%的抗-MVA 和 -MPXV NAb，在 MVA 疫苗接种者中分别观察到 92%和 56%的抗-MVA 和 -MPXV NAb。出生于 1980 年前的个体中 NAb 滴度更高，这突出了历史天花疫苗接种对体液免疫的影响。总的来说，我们的结果表明，MPXV 的中和作用依赖于补体，并揭示了疫苗有效性的机制。